Background-Poor sleep quality, dysregulation of hormones and increased inflammatory cytokines are all associated with risk for postpartum major depression (PPMD). We evaluated change over time in sleep quality and hormones during the first 17-weeks postpartum, as well as a single cytokine measure, and their association with PPMD recurrence.Methods-Participants were pregnant women (N = 56), with past histories of MDD/PPMD but not depressed in their current pregnancy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and blood samples were collected 8 times during the first 17 weeks postpartum. Estradiol, prolactin and cortisol, and a single measure of IL-6 were assayed. Recurrence was determined by two consecutive 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores ≥ 15 and clinician interview.Results-In analyses of time to PPMD recurrence, poor sleep quality, but none of the hormones, was associated with PPMD recurrence (p < .05) after controlling for medication assignment. With every one point increase in PSQI scores across time, a woman's risk for recurrence increased by Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Conflict of Interest Dr. Wisner's time was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants MH R01 60335 and MH R01 53735. Dr. Wisner is a member of the speakers' bureau for GlaxoSmithKline and has received grant support from Pfizer, funding from Wyeth to study desmethylvenlafaxine for postpartum depression is pending. No pharmaceutical companies were involved in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Drs. Okun, Perel, and Wisniewski and Mrs. Luther and Prather report no competing interests. Dr. Okun's time was supported by NR 08103.Disclosure Statement This is not an industry supported study. Dr. Wisner received a donation from Novo-Gyne of transdermal placebo patches for an NIMH funded study of estradiol patch for postpartum depression treatment. Dr. Wisner also serves on an Advisory Board for Eli Lilly Corporation. The remaining authors have indicated no biomedical financial interests or other conflicts of interest. approximately 25% There was no significant association between PSQI scores and IL-6 concentrations in early postpartum (χ 2 = 0.98, p = .32).
NIH Public AccessConclusions-Poor sleep quality across the first 17 weeks post delivery increases the risk for recurrent PPMD among women with a history of MDD. Changes in the hormonal milieu were not associated with recurrence. Further exploration of the degree to...