Hormonal control of endoreduplication in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings growing in vitro

Abstract

The effect on endoreduplication in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings of five plant hormones in MS medium, ethylene, 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), gibberellic acid (GA(3) ), kinetin and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), as well as a combination of kinetin and NAA at two different concentrations, was studied using flow cytometry. Analyses of DNA content in nuclei of the root, hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings growing in vitro were performed during their early development, starting from when the root was 0.5-1.0 cm long until expansion of the first pair of leaves. The proportions of nuclei with different DNA contents were established and the mean C-value calculated. The presence of exogenous plant hormones changed endoreduplication intensity, although to different extents, depending on the organ and developmental stage. Ethylene and NAA stimulated the process, while EBR and kinetin suppressed it and GA did not clearly affect it.

Autotetraploid plant regeneration by indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf mesophyll protoplasts of diploid Gentiana decumbens L.f.

“…(Elmaghrabi and Ochatt 2006), callus cells often undergo endoreduplication (amplification of DNA without mitosis), which causes an increase in the frequency of cells with a DNA content higher than 2C. The combination of plant growth regulators added to the culture media could promote a certain pathway of DNA amplification (endoreduplication or cell division; Lukaszewska et al 2012). Verification of the regeneration mechanism of tetraploid G. decumbens plants will require further cytogenetic studies.…”

Effect of vernalization on tuberization and flowering in the Tibetan turnip is associated with changes in the expression of FLC homologues

“…The majority of research on tuber formation to date has focused on widely cultivated tuber crops, such as potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) ( Kloosterman et al., 2005 ), sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) ( Lukaszewska et al., 2012 ), and radish ( Raphanus sativus ) ( Xu et al., 2013 ), and has provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of tuberization. To further investigate the role of vernalization on tuber formation, we established a hypocotyl micrografting system in the Tibetan turnip.…”

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

“…To meet this demand, expensive processing and seed technologies are applied that contribute to sugar beet fruits’ high commercial value. Various enhancement treatments are applied to the fruits during the production and processing pipeline to further improve the quality characteristics for optimal plant establishment (Draycott 2006; Kockelmann and Meyer 2006; Kockelmann et al 2010; Lukaszewska et al 2012). Such processing treatments often have a positive impact on the germination performance of sugar beet by maximising germination speed, as well as capacity and uniformity of germination and seedling establishment in the field.…”