Hop tests correlate with IKDC and KOOS at minimum of 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction

Abstract

Purpose The hypothesis of this study was that single-legged horizontal hop test ratios would correlate with IKDC, KOOS, and Marx activity level scores in patients 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction. Methods Individual patient-reported outcome tools and hop test ratios on 69 ACL reconstructed patients were compared using correlations and multivariable modeling. Correlations between specific questions on the IKDC and KOOS concerning the ability to jump and hop ratios were also performed. Results The triple-hop ratio was moderately but significantly correlated with the IKDC, KOOS Sports and Recreation subscale, and the KOOS Knee Related Quality of Life subscale, as well as with the specific questions related to jumping. Similar but weaker relationship patterns were found for the single-hop ratio and timed hop. No significant correlations were found for the Marx activity level or crossover-hop ratio. Multivariable modeling showed almost no significant additional contribution to predictability of the IKDC or KOOS subscores by gender, BMI, or the number of faults on either leg. Conclusions The triple-hop test is most significantly correlated with patient-reported outcome scores. Multivariable modeling indicates that less than a quarter of the variability in outcome scores can be explained by hop test results. This indicates that neither test can serve as a direct proxy for the other; however, assessment of patient physical function by either direct report using validated outcome tools or by the hop test will provide relatively comparable data. Level of evidence II.

Persistent Neuromuscular and Corticomotor Quadriceps Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

“…Reductions in quadriceps strength and greater limb asymmetry after ACLR have been associated with altered landing mechanics, 19,33 reductions in functional performance, 19,22 and decreased patient-reported knee-related function. 34 Without optimal and symmetrical quadriceps function, individuals may have difficulty adapting to the demands of daily function and recreational activity after ACLR due to a decreased ability to absorb knee-joint loads during weight bearing. In this study, participants with ACLR had returned to a level of physical activity similar to that of their healthy counterparts; however, they continued to report reduced knee-related function as measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee form.…”

Normalization Considerations for Using the Unilateral Seated Shot Put Test in Rehabilitation

“…Several studies have found that lower extremity functional performance test results predict future functional outcome, 1,8,12,21,22 indicating their usefulness in lower extremity rehabilitation.…”

“…Consequently, these tests can reveal impairments in muscle force generation or proprioception and neuromuscular control that might not be obvious with other clinical measures. 7,19 Several studies have found that lower extremity functional performance test results predict future functional outcome, 1,8,12,21,22 indicating their usefulness in lower extremity rehabilitation.…”

Changes in the Uninvolved Limb during Rehabilitation Following ACL Reconstruction, and Recommendations for a Practical and Evidence-Based Functional Testing Battery

“…Functional tests are intuitively appealing due to their close resemblance to actual athletic motions, and they have been correlated to self-reported outcome measures [16]. However, none of the functional tests, nor any other post-operative tests, have been directly correlated to successful return to play or decreased re-injury rates.…”

“…Previous research has established the reliability of this testing battery [5][6][7][8][9]. Performance on these tests is correlated to self-reported ability in the post-op period, although no research has directly linked it to lower re-injury rates or successful return to play [10].…”