Homologues of yeast polarity genes control the development of multinucleated hyphae in Ashbya gossypii

Philippsen, Peter; Kaufmann, Andreas M.; Schmitz, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.021

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One distinct branching pattern observed in some hyphae is apical branching, whereby an existing hyphal tip "splits" into two distinct tips. This pattern of branching is shown by rapidly growing hyphae of Ashbya gossypii (Philippsen et al 2005).…”

Section: Hyphal Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 93%

Fungal Morphogenesis

Lin

Alspaugh

Liu

et al. 2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Morphogenesis in fungi is often induced by extracellular factors and executed by fungal genetic factors. Cell surface changes and alterations of the microenvironment often accompany morphogenetic changes in fungi. In this review, we will first discuss the general traits of yeast and hyphal morphotypes and how morphogenesis affects development and adaptation by fungi to their native niches, including host niches. Then we will focus on the molecular machinery responsible for the two most fundamental growth forms, yeast and hyphae. Last, we will describe how fungi incorporate exogenous environmental and host signals together with genetic factors to determine their morphotype and how morphogenesis, in turn, shapes the fungal microenvironment. PROPERTIES OF MORPHOGENESIS IN FUNGAL CELLS

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Section: Hyphal Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 93%

Fungal Morphogenesis

Lin

Alspaugh

Liu

et al. 2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…A well-characterized example of this behavior is exhibited by Ashbya gossypii, a member of the Saccharomycotina. In A. gossypii, hyphae initially undergo lateral branching as they steadily increase their extension rates from 5 mm/h to a maximum of 170 mm/h (Philippsen et al 2005). Once they reach this rate, at a point referred to as hyphal maturation, they switch to an apical branching pattern.…”

Section: Branching Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several fungi exhibit this pattern (Trinci 1978), including members of the Saccharomycotina (A. gossypii, Geotrichum candidum), as well as zygomycetes (Basidiobolus ranarum) and basidiomycetes (Coprinus species). Note that in A. gossypii, lateral branching predominates during the early stages of growth that precede hyphal maturation and the switch to apical branching (Philippsen et al 2005). In most cases of lateral branching, the branch emerges just behind the septum, which would be expected if the septum were serving as a barrier that impeded the tip-bound flow of exocytic vesicles and thus led to their local accumulation.…”

Section: Branching Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branching of fungal hyphae: regulation, mechanisms and comparison with other branching systems

Harris

2008

Mycologia

152

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"Branching of fungal hyphae: regulation, mechanisms and comparison with other branching systems" (2008 Abstract: The ability of rapidly growing hyphae to generate new polarity axes that result in the formation of a branch represents one of the most important yet least understood aspects of fungal cell biology. Branching is central to the development of mycelial colonies and also appears to play a key role in fungal interactions with other organisms. This review presents a description of the two major patterns of hyphal branching, apical and lateral, and highlights the roles of internal and external factors in the induction of branch formation. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying branch site selection are outlined, and the possible roles of multiple signaling pathways (i.e., G protein alpha, Cdc42, NDR kinases) and subcellular structures (i.e., the Spitzenkorper, septins) are discussed. Finally, other forms of branching in the plant and animal kingdoms are briefly summarized and compared to hyphal branching.

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“…These territories increase in size as a nucleus approaches mitosis. They might be mediated by cMT, as it was suggested earlier that cMTs from neighboring nuclei could interact with and repulse each other (Philippsen et al, 2005). However, live-cell imaging and high-resolution analysis of the cMT cytoskeleton by electron tomography did not reveal such interactions (Lang et al, 2010b;Gibeaux et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Mechanism of Nuclear Movements in a Multinucleated Cell

Gibeaux

Politi

Philippsen

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Multinucleated cells are important in many organisms, but the mechanisms governing the movements of nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm are not understood. In the hyphae of the plant pathogenic fungus Ashbya gossypii, nuclei move back and forth, occasionally bypassing each other, preventing the formation of nuclear clusters. This is essential for genetic stability. These movements depend on cytoplasmic microtubules emanating from the nuclei that are pulled by dynein motors anchored at the cortex. Using three-dimensional stochastic simulations with parameters constrained by the literature, we predict the cortical anchor density from the characteristics of nuclear movements. The model accounts for the complex nuclear movements seen in vivo, using a minimal set of experimentally determined ingredients. Of interest, these ingredients power the oscillations of the anaphase spindle in budding yeast, but in A. gossypii, this system is not restricted to a specific nuclear cycle stage, possibly as a result of adaptation to hyphal growth and multinuclearity. INTRODUCTIONPositioning of the nucleus and mitotic spindle appropriately within the cell is critical in eukaryotes during many processes, ranging from simple growth to tissue development (Morris, 2002;Dupin and Etienne-Manneville, 2011;Gundersen and Worman, 2013;Kiyomitsu, 2015). Accordingly, cells have evolved various strategies to place their nucleus or spindle in suitable locations. In most systems, this process is driven by dynein pulling on nuclei-associated cytoplasmic microtubules (cMTs). Dynein is a minus end-directed motor that can act primarily in two ways. End-on pulling occurs when cortex-anchored dynein captures a growing cMT plus end, thereby initiating its shrinkage while maintaining the attachment. Lateral or side-on pulling occurs when cortex-anchored dynein walks on cMTs toward the minus end using its motor activity. This mode of action is independent of cMT shrinkage and may result in cMT sliding parallel to the cortex (Kotak and Gönczy, 2013;McNally, 2013;Akhmanova and van den Heuvel, 2016).A detailed mechanistic view for directing nuclei during the cell cycle is known in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as outlined in Figure 1 and references therein. In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, the site of the cleavage plane in S. cerevisiae is selected early in the cell cycle by generating a ring structure (future bud neck) at the mother cell cortex at which the daughter cell (bud) will emerge. In addition, in budding yeast the nuclear envelope does not disassemble during mitosis, and nuclei are always attached to the minus end of cMTs via spindle pole bodies (SPBs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. The two pathways elucidated in S. cerevisiae involve cortical pulling, but only the second pathway relies on dynein. During the Kar9-Bim1-Myo2 pathway, the nucleus is directed toward the bud neck by transporting cMT plus ends first along bud neck-emerging actin cables, followed by depolymerization of the transported cMT. In metaphase, cMTs ...

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Homologues of yeast polarity genes control the development of multinucleated hyphae in Ashbya gossypii

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Fungal Morphogenesis

Fungal Morphogenesis

Branching of fungal hyphae: regulation, mechanisms and comparison with other branching systems

Mechanism of Nuclear Movements in a Multinucleated Cell

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