Homogenization Efficiency of Two Immiscible Fluids in Static Mixer Using Droplet Tracking Technique

Farzi, Gholamali; Rezazadeh, Niki

doi:10.1080/01932691.2015.1115362

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Bayraktar et al [37] presented a numerical methodology for one-way coupling of CFD and PBE and applied it in the case of oil-in-water emulsification using SMV static mixers, but only one experiment was used to demonstrate the potential of this approach. More recently, Farzi et al [38] developed a two-phase CFD model to assess the emulsification efficiency in a continuous Kenics static mixer. The high-order least-squares method was used to solve the PBE accounting for breakage and coalescence processes [39].…”

Section: Fundamental Population Balance Equation-based Models Have Extensively Been Investigated In Recent Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population balance model for the prediction of breakage of emulsion droplets in SMX+ static mixers

Lebaz

Sheibat‐Othman

2019

Chemical Engineering Journal

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This work deals with the numerical and experimental investigation of droplets breakage in SMX+ static mixers. While steady-state empirical correlations are commonly used for the prediction of the mean droplets size (e.g. Sauter mean diameter) during emulsification in static mixers, in the present study, a population balance equation (PBE) -based model is developed for the prediction of the dynamic evolution of the droplet size distribution (DSD). The system silicon oil-in-water stabilized by Polysorbate 20 (Tween20 R ) is considered under dilute conditions (< 5%vol.). Due to the physico-chemical properties of the system and the operating conditions, the droplets breakage process is dominant, while coalescence and Ostwald ripening are negligible. The breakage kernel proposed by Alopaeus et al. [1] is employed and its parameters are identified and validated for the present system under different operating conditions. The effects of the number of SMX+ elements, viscosity and fraction of the dispersed phase, the DSD at the inlet of the mixers as well as the volume-average energy dissipation rate within the SMX+ elements on the evolution of the DSD are investigated. The model was found to be able of predicting the DSD over a wide range of operating conditions.

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Section: Fundamental Population Balance Equation-based Models Have Extensively Been Investigated In Recent Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population balance model for the prediction of breakage of emulsion droplets in SMX+ static mixers

Lebaz

Sheibat‐Othman

2019

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…More recently, Lebaz and Sheibat-Othman (2019) investigated droplet breakage in SMX + static mixers using a PBM, validated it against a wide range of experimental data, and compared the PBM prediction capability with a mean-size steady-state correlation . Since the energy dissipation rate inside the mixers plays a critical role during emulsification, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is sometimes coupled with PBM in order to consider the local variation of the energy dissipation rate. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Droplet Breakage in Continuous Emulsification Using Static Mixers in the Framework of the Entire Spectrum of Turbulent Energy

Lebaz

Azizi

Sheibat‐Othman

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Droplets breakage during continuous emulsification in static mixers is investigated in this work. It is clearly shown that for viscous continuous phases, droplet breakage occurs mostly in the dissipation range of isotropic turbulence. To consider this, a modified breakage kernel of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides based on the full turbulence spectrum of Pope is employed within a population balance model to describe the time evolution of the droplet size distribution during the emulsification process. This full-spectrum-based model is tested against a wide range of experimental data and showed to be predictive and accurate. The fullspectrum-based model requires the knowledge of the mean turbulent kinetic energy and the mean energy dissipation rate that are obtained from computational fluid dynamic simulations (CFD). To allow a rapid implementation of the model without time-consuming CFD simulations, a model reduction is proposed based on mean energy dissipation rate estimation through pressure drop measurements only. The new model gives comparable predictive capabilities as that based on CFD simulations with improved computational efficiency.

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“…The DP and CP phase passed through static mixer 7 (Cole-Parmer Pvt. Ltd.) containing a diameter of ¼" at ratio of 1:5, respectively.…”

Section: Fig 1: Methods Of Microspheres Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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The aim of this work is to design and develop a controlled release drug delivery system of the anti-acne agent (dapsone), also used as a leprostatic agent. Dapsone is a strong anti-inflammatory agent that makes it a more powerful treatment in dermatological disorders; its treatment in acne requires long term steady-state concentration in plasma. Poor patient compliance and long term treatment by an oral route leading to dapsone resistance, which stimulates the development of depot preparation. Depot injection consists of a PLGA polymer containing matrix, which gives control release up to 1 month. Microspheres were formed by solvent extraction/evaporation technique. Various parameters, like a selection of solvents, selection of drug: polymer ratio, glycolide: lactide ratio, and evaporation temperature, were important and optimized based on the results. The entrapment efficiency of microspheres was found between 40% to 70%. The initial burst of the drug was controlled and found to be 9.8% within 24 h of release. The inactive ingredients used for formulation development were found to be compatible based on FTIR comparison. The glass transition temperature of the microsphere was found to be 53.45 °C. The residual solvents like methanol and ethyl acetate were found within ICH limits in the finished product. The in-vitro release profile found between 80% to 95% after 30 days. The C max of microsphere was found to be 2.04 mcg/mL which is lower as compared to immediate-release (4.82 mcg/mL). The controlled release of drugs from the microsphere provides constant plasma drug content for a long period of time and improves patient compliance by reducing dosage frequency. INTRODUCTION: Acne is the most common disease amongst adolescents with a pervasiveness rate of ~85% 1. The lesions are most prone to area which has the most sebaceous gland.

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Homogenization Efficiency of Two Immiscible Fluids in Static Mixer Using Droplet Tracking Technique

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

A population balance model for the prediction of breakage of emulsion droplets in SMX+ static mixers

A population balance model for the prediction of breakage of emulsion droplets in SMX+ static mixers

Modeling Droplet Breakage in Continuous Emulsification Using Static Mixers in the Framework of the Entire Spectrum of Turbulent Energy

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