Homeostasis as a proportional–integral control system

Abstract

According to medical guidelines, the distinction between "healthy" and "unhealthy" patients is commonly based on single, discrete values taken at an isolated point in time (e.g., blood pressure or core temperature). Perhaps a more robust and insightful diagnosis can be obtained by studying the functional interdependence of such indicators and the homeostasis that controls them. This requires quasi-continuous measurements and a procedure to map the data onto a parsimonious control model with a degree of universality. The current research illustrates this approach using glucose homeostasis as a target. Data were obtained from 41 healthy subjects wearing over-the-counter glucose monitors, and projected onto a simple proportional-integral (PI) controller, widely used in engineering applications. The indicators quantifying the control function are clustered for the great majority of subjects, while a few outliers exhibit less responsive homeostasis. Practical implications for healthcare and education are further discussed.

Biomarker potential of real-world voice signals to predict abnormal blood glucose levels

“…Glucose is an essential component of cellular metabolism, and its concentration in blood is regulated and maintained in a controlled, physiological range as a part of metabolic homeostasis 9 . Long-lasting disturbances in blood glucose concentrations can cause diabetes and diabetes-related complications.…”

Influence on Homeostasis as the Criterion for Selecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for the Study of Metabolic Syndrom in the Kazakh Population

“…These signs, with the accumulation of violations of physiological control (homeostasis) in the human body, contribute to the premature onset of AAD. Homeostasis disorders in MS are predominantly associated with IR, OS and ChI [1]. Multimorbidity indicates the irreversibility of homeostasis disorders [2].…”