Home gardens focusing on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables increase the serum retinol concentrations of 2–5-y-old children in South Africa,,

Faber, Mieke; Phungula, Michael A. S.; Venter, S.L.; Dhansay, Muhammad A.; Benadé, A. J. S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1048

Cited by 116 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A home-garden project promoting the cultivation of dark-green leafy vegetables, among others, was conducted in the area from 1998 to 2002. 19 The urban site, which has a low socio-economic level, is situated in the Mariannhill area, Pinetown, approximately 20 km south of the rural site, and is more densely populated.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen percent of the respondents at the rural KZN site said that imifino is good because it contains vitamin A, probably reflecting the effect of a home-garden project that was previously done in the area. 19 Between 20 and 28% of the respondents at the two KZN study sites thought that consumption of imifino saves money (they do not have to buy it because it is freely available). At the rural Limpopo site there clearly is a transfer of knowledge within the households, as mothers and grandmothers were the main source of information on morogo.…”

Section: ;23(1) S Afr J Clin Nutrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly all of the respondents (98%) added water during preparation, with either only the bottom of the pot (31%), half of the leaves (57%) or all of the leaves (10%) covered with water. Only one respondent changed the a Missing data because of a printing error in the questionnaire, which was corrected after some of the respondents were already interviewed b Only answers for those reasons given by more than 5% of the respondents are reflected c A home-garden project focusing on β-carotene-rich vegetables was done in the area from 1998 to 2002 19 ; nutrition monitors were responsible for the daily activities For the 101 respondents at the rural KZN site, consumption of African leafy vegetables the previous day was reported for 22 meals. The leaves mostly consumed were amaranth (82% of the time), either on its own or in combination with other leaves (mostly blackjack).…”

Section: ;23(1) S Afr J Clin Nutrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African leafy vegetables consumed by households in the Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in South Africa

Faber

Oelofse

Jaarsveld

et al. 2010

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ;23(1) S Afr J Clin Nutrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ;23(1) S Afr J Clin Nutrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African leafy vegetables consumed by households in the Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in South Africa

Faber

Oelofse

Jaarsveld

et al. 2010

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…While consuming a variety of foods is important for meeting essential nutrient requirements needed to promote growth, traditional diets fed to children in developing countries are based predominantly on starchy staples and include few or no nutrient-rich food sources such as animal protein, fruits and vegetables (10)(11)(12) . Often infants and young children are not given the care and attention needed during the selection of nutritious foods and the encouragement needed to eat sufficient amounts of foods (13) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based educational intervention improved the diversity of complementary diets in western Kenya: results from a randomized controlled trial

Waswa

Jordan

Herrmann

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

126

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Objective: Lack of diversity is a major factor contributing to inadequate nutrient intakes among children during the complementary feeding period in many rural areas in developing countries. This has been attributed to inadequate feeding practices and nutrition knowledge among their caregivers. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention on children's dietary diversity and nutrition knowledge of caregivers. Design: Cluster randomization was applied and twenty matched village pairs were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The nutrition education intervention consisted of four sessions comprising of group trainings and cooking demonstrations that were conducted over a period of 5 months. Setting: Households in rural communities in Bondo and Teso South sub-counties, western Kenya. Subjects: Caregivers with children aged 6-17 months receiving nutrition education. Results: The children's dietary diversity scores (CDDS) and nutrition knowledge scores of the caregivers improved significantly in the intervention group at endline. The treatment effect on CDDS was positive and significant (P = 0·001). The CDDS rate of the children in the intervention group was 27 % larger than it would have been without the treatment effect. The intervention also had a significant effect on the caregivers' nutrition knowledge scores (incidence rate ratio = 2·05; P < 0·001). However, the nutrition knowledge of the caregivers did not have a significant effect on CDDS (P = 0·731). Conclusions: The nutrition education intervention led to improvements in children's dietary diversity and nutrition knowledge of the caregivers. Keywords Nutrition education Complementary feeding Dietary diversity Caregivers InterventionMalnutrition among children under 5 years of age is still a widespread problem in many developing countries. Worldwide, approximately 162 million children under 5 years are stunted, while 99 million and 51 million are underweight and wasted, respectively (1) . An analysis of data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) over the last three decades shows that there has been a slow decline in the prevalence of malnutrition among young children in Kenya (2,3) . Data from the 2008-2009 KDHS showed that in Kenya, 35 % of children aged <5 years were stunted, 16 % were underweight and 7 % were wasted. The prevalence of stunting was highest (46 %) among children aged 18-24 months and 42 % among those aged 6-12 months. Stunting rates were highest among children living in rural areas (37 %) compared with those living in urban areas (26 %) (4) .While the causes of malnutrition are complex, inappropriate feeding practices during the complementary feeding period have been identified as major factors contributing to inadequate nutrient intakes among infants and young children (5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . While consuming a variety of foods is important for meeting essential nutrient requirements needed to promote growth, traditional diets fed to children in developing countries ...

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“…Each of these studies assessed nutritional outcomes as an indicator of changes in food security, and measured them with comparable instruments. Four of the six studies assessed serum retinol concentration as a proxy for smallholders' nutritional status in South Africa (Faber et al 2002), Mozambique (Low et al 2007;Hotz et al 2012b) and Uganda (Hotz et al 2012a); one in Kenya (Hagenimana et al 1999) observed vitamin A intake; and another in Ethiopia (Akalu et al 2010) examined anthropometric measures such as weight-for-age.…”

Section: Effects On Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of training, innovation and new technology on African smallholder farmers’ economic outcomes and food security

Stewart¹,

Langer²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews examine available high-quality evidence on the effects of social and economic development interventions in low-and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous review methodologies, such as using theory-based designs, for combining different types of evidence suited to respond to the complex and dynamic contexts and challenges of development. 3ie also publishes summary reports based on the full reviews that are designed for use by policymakers and programme managers. About this summary report AcknowledgementsThis review was made possible thanks to the generosity of many individuals and organisations. It was funded by Global Affairs Canada (formerly Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada), managed through the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). 3ie also offered additional financial support for this review. In addition, the Centre for Anthropological Research at the University of Johannesburg generously allocated additional staffing to the review. We would also like to thank our international advisory group and peer-reviewers for their input to this review. ii SummaryThe majority of the rural poor in Africa engage in smallholder farming as a livelihood strategy. At the same time, supporting the practice of smallholder agriculture holds the potential to improve farming households' level of food security as well as local economies in rural areas. Agricultural productivity in Africa stands at one-third to half of global productivity and, although the Green Revolution has rapidly improved social and economic livelihoods in other former developing regions, it is by and large absent from the continent.Programmes that support African smallholder agriculture by implementing training programmes and introducing new technologies and agricultural innovations aim to help release the untapped potential of the African agricultural sector. But we know little about which programmes and approaches are most effective at improving smallholders' food security and economic outcomes. This is the first systematic review of the available research evidence to address this issue. Our objectives were to systematically review the evidence on the effects that training, innovation and new technology have had on African smallholder farmers' economic outcomes and food security. InterventionsThis review assessed the effects of two types of interventions on the livelihoods of Africa...

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Home gardens focusing on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables increase the serum retinol concentrations of 2–5-y-old children in South Africa,,

Abstract: A home-gardening program that was integrated with a primary health care activity, linked to nutrition education, and focused on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables significantly improved the vitamin A status of 2-5-y-old children in a rural village in South Africa.

Cited by 116 publications

References 14 publications

African leafy vegetables consumed by households in the Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in South Africa

African leafy vegetables consumed by households in the Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in South Africa

Community-based educational intervention improved the diversity of complementary diets in western Kenya: results from a randomized controlled trial

Effects of training, innovation and new technology on African smallholder farmers’ economic outcomes and food security

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