Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective

Newman, Jeffrey D.; Turner, Anthony P. F.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.012

Cited by 787 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

336

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…ET can be achieved directly (direct electron transfer, DET) or by the use of mediators (mediated electron transfer, MET) to shuttle electrons between the redox centre of the enzyme and the electrode. However, mediators are unselective and can also give rise to interfering effects [1][2][3]. DET-based devices offer high selectivity and sensitivity due to the absence of mediators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct electron transfer of Trametes hirsuta laccase adsorbed at unmodified nanoporous gold electrodes

Salaj-Kośla

Pöller

Schuhmann

et al. 2013

Bioelectrochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The enzyme Trametes hirsuta laccase undergoes direct electron transfer at unmodified nanoporous gold electrodes, displaying a current density of 28 A/cm 2 . The response indicates that ThLc was immobilised at the surface of the nanopores in a manner which promoted direct electron transfer, in contrast to the absence of a response at unmodified polycrystalline gold electrodes. The bioelectrocatalytic activity of ThLc modified nanoporous gold electrodes was strongly dependent on the presence of halide ions. Fluoride completely inhibited the enzymatic response, whereas in the presence of 150 mM Cl -, the current was reduced to 50% of the response in the absence of Cl -. The current increased by 40% when the temperature was increased from 20°C to 37°C. The response is limited by enzymatic and/or enzyme electrode kinetics and is 30% of that observed for ThLc co-immobilised with an osmium redox polymer. Keywords: Laccase, direct electron transfer, nanoporous gold 2 IntroductionElectron transfer (ET) reactions are ubiquitous in nature. Controlling the rate of these reactions can be of significant benefit in developing biochemical systems that utilise redox proteins and enzymes and in particular, in applications that provide power for implanted or portable electronic devices. ET can be achieved directly (direct electron transfer, DET) or by the use of mediators (mediated electron transfer, MET) to shuttle electrons between the redox centre of the enzyme and the electrode. However, mediators are unselective and can also give rise to interfering effects [1][2][3]. DET-based devices offer high selectivity and sensitivity due to the absence of mediators. In addition, devices based on DET operate at potentials close to the redox potential of the enzyme, maximising the potential difference between the cathode and anode for biofuel cell applications [2]. Moreover, DET can be used to provide detailed information on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the ET process. However, the low stability of the enzyme layer together with the long distances over which ET occurs, represent major obstacles for DET based devices. In addition, the shielding mechanism of the enzymatic redox centre by the protein shell can disrupt DET [2,4]. One approach in optimizing and enabling rapid DET is to design the electrode surface with an architecture which promotes efficient rates of ET. In this way the electrode morphology ensures the most efficient orientation of the enzymatic redox centre and facilitates communication with the electroactive surface. Porous electrodes can be used to encapsulate the enzyme within a network of cavities, shortening the distance for electron transfer to the redox active site, which will promote more efficient and rapid rates of electron transfer [5]. However, the number of redox enzymes capable of interacting directly with the electrode while catalyzing the enzymatic reaction is limited, with estimates of approximately 5% of all enzymes exhibiting such a response [6].DET in enzymes was first described in 1978 fo...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct electron transfer of Trametes hirsuta laccase adsorbed at unmodified nanoporous gold electrodes

Salaj-Kośla

Pöller

Schuhmann

et al. 2013

Bioelectrochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glucose diffuses from capillaries through the sensor membrane, which is semi-permeable, and acts as the interface between the enzymes and electrode. Failures occur from biocompatibility issues such as membrane biofouling, fibrous encapsulation, electrode passivation and biodegradation [60]. Membrane biofouling starts upon bodily contact when micro-organisms, proteins and other components adhere to the surface, impeding the sensor's diffusion ability.…”

Section: (C) Temporary Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofouling: lessons from nature

Bixler

Bhushan

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

474

358

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biofouling is generally undesirable for many applications. An overview of the medical, marine and industrial fields susceptible to fouling is presented. Two types of fouling include biofouling from organism colonization and inorganic fouling from non-living particles. Nature offers many solutions to control fouling through various physical and chemical control mechanisms. Examples include low drag, low adhesion, wettability (water repellency and attraction), microtexture, grooming, sloughing, various miscellaneous behaviours and chemical secretions. A survey of nature's flora and fauna was taken in order to discover new antifouling methods that could be mimicked for engineering applications. Antifouling methods currently employed, ranging from coatings to cleaning techniques, are described. New antifouling methods will presumably incorporate a combination of physical and chemical controls.

show abstract

“…Several commercial examples for biosensing platforms exist including point-of-use type kits such as home pregnancy tests for detection of hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for early indication of pregnancy. Another familiar example of a commercially available portable biosensor is a home blood glucose meter for diabetics [63]. It is expected that with smaller volumes, higher specificity for detection can be achieved with the eventual goal of single-molecule detection.…”

Section: (B) Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Biosensor Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors

Prakash

Pinti

Bhushan

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biosensors are a broad array of devices that detect the type and amount of a biological species or biomolecule. Several different types of biosensors have been developed that rely on changes to mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the transduction or sensing element to induce a measurable signal. Often, a biosensor will integrate several functions or unit operations such as sample extraction, manipulation and detection on a single platform. This review begins with an overview of the current state-of-the-art biosensor field. Next, the review delves into a special class of biosensors that rely on microfluidics and nanofluidics by presenting the underlying theory, fabrication and several examples and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic sensors.

show abstract

Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective

Abstract: Twenty years on from a review in the first

Cited by 787 publications

References 7 publications

Direct electron transfer of Trametes hirsuta laccase adsorbed at unmodified nanoporous gold electrodes

Direct electron transfer of Trametes hirsuta laccase adsorbed at unmodified nanoporous gold electrodes

Biofouling: lessons from nature

Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About