Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: High efficiency and junction property

Shi, Jiangjian; Dong, Juan; Lv, Songtao; Xu, Yongzhao; Zhu, Lifeng; Xiao, Junyan; Xu, Xin; Wu, Haiming; Li, Dongmei; Luo, Yanhong; Meng, Qingbo

doi:10.1063/1.4864638

Cited by 473 publications

(352 citation statements)

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“…where T is the absolute temperature, K B is Boltzmann constant, A is ideality factor and J 0 is the reverse saturated current density 14 . The R S and V OC can be obtained from equations (1) and (3), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5a). Because the J-V curves show good rectification characteristics, the R S and V OC of the cell can be calculated according to the diode equation 14 :…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, perovskite solar cells using poly(triaryl amine) HTLs have achieved the highest certified efficiency 7 . Significant efforts have been paid to search for alternative HBL and HTL materials or even to eliminate HTL layer [11][12][13][14] . Some lead halide perovskite solar cells without HTLs have achieved reasonable conversion efficiencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

et al. 2015

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Efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells use hole-blocking layers to help collection of photogenerated electrons and to achieve high open-circuit voltages. Here, we report the realization of efficient perovskite solar cells grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated substrates without using any hole-blocking layers. With ultraviolet-ozone treatment of the substrates, a planar Au/hole-transporting material/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x /substrate cell processed by a solution method has achieved a power conversion efficiency of over 14% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.06 V measured under reverse voltage scan. The open-circuit voltage is as high as that of our best reference cell with a TiO 2 hole-blocking layer. Besides ultraviolet-ozone treatment, we find that involving Cl in the synthesis is another key for realizing high open-circuit voltage perovskite solar cells without hole-blocking layers. Our results suggest that TiO 2 may not be the ultimate interfacial material for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5a). Because the J-V curves show good rectification characteristics, the R S and V OC of the cell can be calculated according to the diode equation 14 :…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

et al. 2015

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“…[ 48 ] Shi et al got a 10.5% PCE by using a two-step deposition method and argued that their TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /Au cell is a typical heterojunction solar cell. [ 49 ] When they inserted an ultrathin Al 2 O 3 fi lm between CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and Au to block electrons, they achieved an 11.1% PCE. [ 50 ] Two HTL-free cells with structures of ITO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PC 61 BM/Bis-C 60 /Ag [ 51 ] and ITO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /C 60 /BCP/Ag [ 52 ] (BCP = 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were reported, giving PCEs of 11.0% and 16.0%, respectively.…”

Section: Htl-free Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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widely commercialized, but possiblities to increase their performance are limited, because nowadays the so-called balance of systems (BoS) cost of PV modules makes up most of the cost. [ 1 ] As much of the BoS scales with area, performance improvement seems the only way to decrease the cost of PV power further. Therefore, new PV cells are sought either to allow for higher effi ciencies than what is possible with Si PV without cost increase, or, as explained in section 3.4, to provide lowcost added effi ciency to Si PV. Emerging solar cells such as dye-sensitized, bulkheterojunction and quantum-dot solar cells can be fabricated via low-temperature solution processing, that holds promise for low-cost large scale application, but best power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) are half of, or less than that of the best commercial Si PV cells. [ 2 ] This is where perovskite solar cells enter, as for the fi rst time in PV history it is possible to produce high-effi ciency cells at low monetary and energy costs, with apparent ease of fabrication from earth-abundant, readily available raw materials. The PCE for perovskite solar cells has increased from 2.2% to 20.1% since 2006, showing an inviting vista of commercialization. [ 3,4 ] Perovskite solar cells are named after the crystal structure of the light absorbers, the structure of the mineral CaTiO 3 . Many compounds with ABX 3 stoichiometry take this structure, where A and B are 12-and 8-coordinates cations, respectively, and X is the anion. [ 4 ] Of the many ABX 3 only few are suitable to be efficient light absorbers for solar cells due to requirements such as appropriate bandgap for good light-harvesting ability, energy level/band alignment with contacting materials, long charge carrier lifetime, τ, and high mobility, µ. Perovskites generally have divalent anions, and the strong electrostatic bonding mostly makes their (high) bandgaps not suitable for solar PV. Mitzi et al. initiated using perovskites containing halides, ammonium cations and Sn 2+ in optoelectronic devices, which formed the basis for the development of perovskites for solar cells. [ 5 ] Here we will focus on such halide perovskites, together with one divalent (Pb 2+ ) and one monovalent (mostly CH 3 NH 3 + ) cation. The most effi cient halide perovskite solar absorbers consist of organic ammonium ions (CH 3 NH 3 + or NH = CHNH 3 + ), Pb 2+ and halide ions (I − , Br − ).[ 4 ] CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 possesses broad and intense light absorption. It is an ambipolar semiconductor (can be n-or p-type), and its charge carriers can have long diffusion lengths and lifetimes, which allow excellent PCE for solar cells made with it. [3][4][5][6] Another advantage of perovskite absorbers is the low-temperature solution-processing ability, which helps

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“…Since MAPbI 3 is a good hole-conductor, additional hole-conducting layers typically used in perovskitebased solar cells can be eliminated while retaining high PCEs. [17][18][19] Furthermore, the widely used mesoporous TiO 2 electron-acceptor/-conductor scaffold and/or dense TiO 2 holeblocking layer, which require high-temperature processing, have been eliminated in these solar cells. [17][18][19] Efficient electronhole dissociation occurs at the MAPbI 3 /C 60 interface, making C 60 a promising candidate as a non-oxide electron-acceptor/-conductor and hole-blocking layer in perovskite-based solar cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vapour-based processing of hole-conductor-free CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite/C₆₀ fullerene planar solar cells

et al. 2014

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A new sequential-vapour-deposition method is demonstrated for the growth of high-quality CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films. This has enabled the all-vapour, low-temperature fabrication of hole-conductor-free planar perovskite solar cells consisting of only a CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /C 60 bilayer sandwiched between two electrical contacts, with a power conversion efficiency of 5.4%.Organometallic trihalide perovskites with the general formula (RNH 3 )MeX 3 (where R is an organic group, Me is Pb or Sn, and X is a halogen I, Br, or Cl) have recently emerged as new generation light harvesting materials in excitonic solar cells.1-3 In particular, methylammonium (MA) lead triiodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or MAPbI 3 ) has attracted great deal of attention since it was rst applied as the light absorber in mesoscopic solar cells.4-6 Within a short period of time the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MAPbI 3 -based solar cells has shot up dramatically to 16.2%. 4,6,7 This rapid rise in the performance is the result of the innate desirable properties of MAPbI 3 , including favourable direct band gap, large adsorption coefficient, high carrier mobilities and long carrier (balanced) diffusion lengths. 1,5,6,8 With regards to the latter, Xing et al.8 showed that the carrier diffusion length in solution-processed MAPbI 3 thin lms is at least 100 nm, despite the non-ideal nature of the solution-spun MAPbI 3 lms. Higher PCEs of $12% were obtained by Malinkiewicz et al. 9 and Chen et al.10 in planar (non-mesoscopic) solar cells based on better quality MAPbI 3 lms of $300 nm thickness. This suggests that maximizing the quality (coverage, crystallinity, texture) of MAPbI 3 lms can lead to carriers diffusion lengths >300 nm, which is the key to realizing planar perovskite-based solar cells with high efficiencies. 8,9However, reliable deposition of high-quality lms of phasepure MAPbI 3 perovskites with full coverage and high crystallinity still remains a challenge.5,6 One-step solution-spun MAPbI 3 generally results in lms with pinholes due to high reaction rate between MAI and PbI 2 .4,10 To address this issue Burschka, et al.4 developed a two-step method, where mesoporous TiO 2 is rst inltrated by solution-processed PbI 2 , followed by dipping it in a MAI solution for the in situ formation of MAPbI 3 . However, in the case of planar solar cells, where a mesoporous TiO 2 scaffold is not used, several hours are needed for the complete conversion of MAPbI 3 , which can result in the peeling of the lms.4 In another study involving planar solar cells, the dipping process was replaced by extended annealing of the solution-processed PbI 2 lm in a MAI-vapour-rich N 2 atmosphere at 150 C. 10 However, this process may be not amenable to producing uniform MAPbI 3 lms on organic substrates.10 Meanwhile, Liu et al. 11 and Malinkiewicz et al. 9used dual-source co-evaporation deposition to prepare uniform, pinhole-free lms of MAPbI 3 or chorine-doped MAPbI 3 , where the resulting planar solar cells delivered one of the highest PCEs. However, car...

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Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: High efficiency and junction property

Cited by 473 publications

References 28 publications

Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

Vapour-based processing of hole-conductor-free CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite/C₆₀ fullerene planar solar cells

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Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: High efficiency and junction property

Cited by 473 publications

References 28 publications

Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

Vapour-based processing of hole-conductor-free CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/C60 fullerene planar solar cells

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Vapour-based processing of hole-conductor-free CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite/C₆₀ fullerene planar solar cells