HIV and Pregnancy among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review

Abstract

The interaction of adolescent pregnancy with HIV is a complex and crucial public health issue worldwide. This is evident in sub-Saharan Africa, where the co-occurrence of HIV and adolescent pregnancies represents a high risk for additional health and social consequences for both adolescent mothers and their children. This study aims to explore literature to provide a clear synthesis of data related to pregnancies among adolescents living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. A literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus. Two authors screened potential studies. Articles selected were those published in or translated into the English language between 2002 and 2022. Among 1,560 identified results, 25 peer-reviewed publications on pregnancy among adolescents living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa were included after screening. The studies, included both qualitative and quantitative data, with a total of 178,227 participants in the age range of 12-18 years. The majority of the studies reported quantitative data, while a few presented qualitative or mixed-methods findings. This scoping review highlights disparities in pregnancy prevalence, revealing varied rates among different age groups. The underrepresentation of adolescents in demographic studies suggests diverse vulnerabilities and access to healthcare. The study also emphasizes the need for tailored healthcare services and comprehensive interventions addressing HIV risk, mental health challenges, and socio-economic barriers.