HIV and nanobacteria

Am, Pretorius; Ap, Sommer; Km, Aho; Eo, Kajander

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00242.x

HIV Medicine

2004

DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00242.x

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HIV and nanobacteria

Pretorius Am

Sommer Ap

Aho Km

et al.

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Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to the results of their study, anti-CNP antibodies and CNP antigens were found in 85% and 7.5% of HIV-infected women, respectively, whilst in the control group these rates were 5% for both CNP antigens and anti-CNP antibodies. 48 Interestingly, amongst the offspring of HIV-infected mothers, 70% had CNP antigens according to the results of ELISA, and antigen levels in their blood was higher compared with the mothers. 48 Two HIV-positive babies were characterized by the highest level of these antigens in the blood, and blood of their mothers also contained CNP antigens.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…48 Interestingly, amongst the offspring of HIV-infected mothers, 70% had CNP antigens according to the results of ELISA, and antigen levels in their blood was higher compared with the mothers. 48 Two HIV-positive babies were characterized by the highest level of these antigens in the blood, and blood of their mothers also contained CNP antigens. 48 Based on the results, the authors proposed an opportunistic nature of CNP invasion, 48 and also proposed the possibility of transplacental or perinatal transmission of CNPs from mothers to offspring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Two HIV-positive babies were characterized by the highest level of these antigens in the blood, and blood of their mothers also contained CNP antigens. 48 Based on the results, the authors proposed an opportunistic nature of CNP invasion, 48 and also proposed the possibility of transplacental or perinatal transmission of CNPs from mothers to offspring. Finally, the feasible role of CNPs in the etiology of pathological placental calcification was shown bacterioscopically.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Pretorius et al 48 investigated the prevalence of CNP antigens and anti-CNP antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and healthy women in South Africa. According to the results of their study, anti-CNP antibodies and CNP antigens were found in 85% and 7.5% of HIV-infected women, respectively, whilst in the control group these rates were 5% for both CNP antigens and anti-CNP antibodies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To date, no comprehensive investigations of this group have been performed, although in some studies the prevalence of CNP antigens and anti-CNP antibodies among various populations 27 and under the various pathological conditions has been analyzed. 36,43,45,48 Further investigations of this group should denote the role of certain components of cellular and humoral arms of the immune response (for instance, the significance of various lymphocyte subsets and cytokines) in CNP-associated diseases. Similarly, the features of innate and adaptive immune response against CNPs should be defined, the regulation of CNP-induced immune response should be uncovered, the peculiarities of immunological memory against CNPs should be analyzed, and the possibilities of immunotherapy of CNP-associated diseases may be investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of calcifying nanoparticles in biology and medicine

Kutikhin¹,

Брусина²,

Yuzhalin³

2012

IJN

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Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) (nanobacteria, nanobacteria-like particles, nanobes) were discovered over 25 years ago; nevertheless, their nature is still obscure. To date, nobody has been successful in credibly determining whether they are the smallest self-replicating life form on Earth, or whether they represent mineralo-protein complexes without any relation to living organisms. Proponents of both theories have a number of arguments in favor of the validity of their hypotheses. However, after epistemological analysis carried out in this review, all arguments used by proponents of the theory about the physicochemical model of CNP formation may be refuted on the basis of the performed investigations, and therefore published data suggest a biological nature of CNPs. The only obstacle to establish CNPs as living organisms is the absence of a fairly accurately sequenced genome at the present time. Moreover, it is clear that CNPs play an important role in etiopathogenesis of many diseases, and this association is independent from their nature. Consequently, emergence of CNPs in an organism is a pathological, not a physiological, process. The classification and new directions of further investigations devoted to the role of CNPs in biology and medicine are proposed.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The role of calcifying nanoparticles in biology and medicine

Kutikhin¹,

Брусина²,

Yuzhalin³

2012

IJN

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“Nanobacterium sanguineum” – Is it a new life-form in search of human ailment or commensal: Overview of its transmissibility and chemical means of intervention

Rawal¹,

Pretorius

2005

Medical Hypotheses

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Biosensor for Detection of Nanobacteria in Water

Sommer

Gheorghiu

Çehreli

et al. 2006

Crystal Growth & Design

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The presence of nanobacteria in the environment follows from their abundance in humans, apparent abundance in the terrestrial atmosphere and agricultural irrigation with insufficiently treated water containing human excreta. Survivability of nanobacteria and increasing evidence for their implication in disease demand for their detection in environmental samples. Unfortunately, the 60−300 nm nanocrystalline biohazards resemble “harmless” aerosols that are common in the lower atmosphere and water reservoirs. Here we propose a detector for discrimination between biocolloids and nonbiogenic objects of the same size. It exploits deviations from ideal deposition patterns, formed by drops of nanosuspensions evaporating on substrates. Variations in the crystallinity and/or shape of ring patterns, due to differences in the adhesive capacity of nanoparticles contained in the drops, provide principles to design simple and sensitive biosensors, responding to otherwise nondetectable contaminations of both drops and substrates. Patterns can be visualized on mirror-polished optically reflective substrates by a light microscope operating in the reflection mode. For instance, perfect ring structures emerged from water drops which contained polystyrene nanospheres, and uniformly dense deposition patterns formed from those containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The principal difference is due to the interplay between the convective flow, driving suspended material to the periphery of the evaporating drop, and attraction between nanoparticles and substrate, immobilizing them upon contact. Protected by an outer shell of apatite, nanobacteria are predicted to behave completely different from polystyrene (and most other nanospheres): in water drops with contact angles 0 ≤ α ≤ 90° those landing around the center of the area wetted by the drop will tend to remain fixed, instead of being moved by the convective flow. The biosensor could allow the identification of nanobacteria in precipitation, water reservoirs, or filtered soil, by facilitating their localization on substrates by high-resolution imaging techniques, which are applied complementary to analytical, spectroscopic, and culture methods.

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HIV and nanobacteria

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

The role of calcifying nanoparticles in biology and medicine

The role of calcifying nanoparticles in biology and medicine

“Nanobacterium sanguineum” – Is it a new life-form in search of human ailment or commensal: Overview of its transmissibility and chemical means of intervention

Biosensor for Detection of Nanobacteria in Water

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