HIV-1 molecular epidemiology evidence and transmission patterns in the Middle East and North Africa

Mumtaz, Ghina R.; Hilmi, Nahla; Akala, Francisca Ayodeji; Semini, Iris; Riedner, Gabriele; Wilson, David J.; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.

doi:10.1136/sti.2010.043711

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…A major proportion of the infections worldwide are caused by HIV-1, and it includes three groups, of which group M is responsible for the HIV pandemic. Group M is further divided into nine genetically distinct subtypes: A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, and K. However, to date, more than 40 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) have been recognized, including A through D, CRF 01_AE (predominant form in Southeast Asia) and CRF 02_AG (predominant form in West and Central Africa), which dominate the global epidemic as subtypes and CRFs of HIV-1, respectively (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Subtypes and Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Turkey

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Subtypes and Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Turkey

et al. 2013

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“…For example, the total number of citations retrieved through PubMed and Embase is only a proxy of the number of publications that actually have primary data on HIV in the region. Nonetheless, screening of these two searches as part of previous systematic reviews conducted by the authors6–8 13 15 16 confirmed a strong correlation between the total number of citations retrieved and the number of citations with actual data, with substantially more data being published in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Research should be conducted up to academic standard leading to scientific publications. Countries lagging in terms of research output should vigorously expand their research efforts to address the emerging HIV epidemics in this region 6 7 15. Surveillance systems and research studies should be geared primarily towards high-risk populations who are most affected by the epidemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the progress in HIV/AIDS research in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is perceived to have limited HIV data. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterise the progress in HIV research in this region since the discovery of the epidemic.MethodsFour indices were defined and implemented to measure the progress of HIV research using the PubMed, Embase, MENA HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Synthesis Project and US Census Bureau HIV/AIDS Surveillance databases. The four indices provide complementary measures to characterise different aspects of the progress of HIV research.ResultsA total of 2118, 2352, 683 and 4889 records were identified through the PubMed, the Embase, the Synthesis Project and the HIV Prevalence indices, respectively. The proportion of the total global HIV records that relate to MENA is 1.2%. Overall, the indices show steady progress in the number of new records every year, with an accelerated pace in the last few years. The rate of progress in MENA was also higher than the rate of progress in HIV records globally. There is no evidence so far of stabilisation or a peak in the number of new records year by year. About half of the records were produced after the year 2005. The number of records shows large heterogeneity across countries.ConclusionsMENA has witnessed a rapid growth in HIV research over the last decade. However, there are still large gaps in HIV scientific evidence in the region, and the progress is far from being uniform across countries. Ongoing and future research needs to be geared towards academic standard and production of scientific publications.

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“…In the United Kingdom (UK), the relatively high genetic distance between the majority of samples has been interpreted as evidence that most infections have exogenous origin [8][9][10]. Distribution of subtypes showed travel-related exogenous transmission in the Middle East and North Africa [11]. Phylodynamics have also helped elucidate the diVerent network structure seen in diVerent patient groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous or exogenous spreading of HIV-1 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, investigated by phylodynamic analysis of the RESINA Study cohort

Lawyer

Schülter

Kaiser

et al. 2012

Med Microbiol Immunol

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HIV's genetic instability means that sequence similarity can illuminate the underlying transmission network. Previous application of such methods to samples from the United Kingdom has suggested that as many as 86% of UK infections arose outside of the country, a conclusion contrary to usual patterns of disease spread. We investigated transmission networks in the Resina cohort, a 2,747 member sample from Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, sequenced at therapy start. Transmission networks were determined by thresholding the pairwise genetic distance in the pol gene at 96.8% identity. At first blush the results concurred with the UK studies. Closer examination revealed four large and growing transmission networks that encompassed all major transmission groups. One of these formed a supercluster containing 71% of the sex with men (MSM) subjects when the network was thresholded at levels roughly equivalent to those used in the UK studies, though methodological differences suggest that this threshold may be too generous in the current data. Examination of the endo- versus exogenesis hypothesis by testing whether infections that were exogenous to Cologne or to Dusseldorf were endogenous to the greater region supported endogenous spread in MSM subjects and exogenous spread in the endemic transmission group. In intravenous drug using group subjects, it depended on viral strain, with subtype B sequences appearing to have origin exogenous to the Resina data, while non-B sequences (primarily subtype A) were almost completely endogenous to their local community. These results suggest that, at least in Germany, the question of endogenous versus exogenous linkages depends on subject group.

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HIV-1 molecular epidemiology evidence and transmission patterns in the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

HIV-1 Subtypes and Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Turkey

HIV-1 Subtypes and Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Turkey

Characterising the progress in HIV/AIDS research in the Middle East and North Africa

Endogenous or exogenous spreading of HIV-1 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, investigated by phylodynamic analysis of the RESINA Study cohort

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