HIV‐1‐infected and/or immune activated macrophages regulate astrocyte SDF‐1 production through IL‐1β

Peng, Hui; Erdmann, Nathan; Whitney, Nicholas P.; Dou, Huangyu; Gorantla, Santhi; Gendelman, Howard E.; Ghorpade, Anuja; Zheng, Jialin

doi:10.1002/glia.20409

Cited by 87 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…HIF-1 and VEGF enhance the expression of CXCR4 in glioblastoma (Zagzag D et al, 2006). IL-1β induces CXCL12 in astrocytes by ERK and PI3K signaling pathways (Calderon TM et al, 2006;Peng H et al, 2006). Our lab demonstrated that CXCR4 expression by primary mouse astrocytes is suppressed by exposure to TNF-α (Han Y et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Inducible Expressionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…CXCL12 can be briefly up-regulated under some pathathological situations such as HIV 1-asociated dementia, brain tumor, ischemia (stroke) and Neuroinflammation (Rempel SA et al, 2000;Rostasy K et al, 2003;Hill WD et al, 2004;Metelitsa LS et al, 2004;Miller JT et al, 2005;Peng H et al, 2006;Tabatabai G et al, 2006). Astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the parenchyma have been suggested as two primary cell sources for inducible CXCL12.…”

Section: Inducible Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up-regulation of CXCR4 expression has been reported in macrophage/microglia and neurons in AIDS patients (Sanders VJ et al, 1998;Vallat AV et al, 1998;Van der Meer P et al, 2000;Petito CK et al, 2001). HIV-1-infected microglia or macrophages regulate astrocyte CXCL12 production through IL-1β (Peng H et al, 2006), providing ligand for upregulated CXCR4. The abnormal expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 is consistent with the possibility this complex interactions might contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated encephalopathy.…”

Section: Hiv-associated Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

Ransohoff

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

303

245

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Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) have been traditionally defined as small (10-14 kDa) secreted leukocyte chemoattractants. However, chemokines and their cognate receptors are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where immune activities are under stringent control. Why and how the CNS uses the chemokine system to carry out its complex physiological functions has intrigued neurobiologists. Here, we focus on chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 that have been widely characterized in peripheral tissues and delineate their main functions in the CNS. Extensive evidence supports CXCL12 as a key regulator for early development of the CNS. CXCR4 signaling is required for the migration of neuronal precursors, axon guidance/pathfinding and maintenance of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In the mature CNS, CXCL12 modulates neurotransmission, neurotoxicity and neuroglial interactions. Thus, chemokines represent an inherent system that helps establish and maintain CNS homeostasis. In addition, growing evidence implicates altered expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders such as HIVassociated encephalopathy, brain tumor, stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS), making them the plausible targets for future pharmacological intervention.

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Section: Inducible Expressionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Inducible Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv-associated Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

Ransohoff

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

303

245

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“…siRNA knockdown of glutaminase siRNA knockdown in NPCs was performed, as previously described [28]. Briefly, siRNA targeting GLS1 (ID# s5840) was purchased from Applied Biosystems, Inc. (Foster City, CA).…”

Section: Human Npc Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutaminase 1 Is Essential for the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Survival of Human Neural Progenitor Cells

Wang

Huang²,

Zhao

et al. 2014

Stem Cells and Development

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Glutaminase is the enzyme that converts glutamine into glutamate, which serves as a key excitatory neurotransmitter and one of the energy providers for cellular metabolism. Previous studies have revealed that mice lacking glutaminase 1 (GLS1), the dominant isoform in the brain and kidney, died shortly after birth due to disrupted glutamatergic transmission, suggesting the critical role of GLS1 in the physiological functions of synaptic network. However, whether GLS1 regulates neurogenesis, a process by which neurons are generated from neural progenitor cells (NPCs), is unknown. Using a human NPC model, we found that both GLS1 isotypes, kidney-type glutaminase and glutaminase C, were upregulated during neuronal differentiation, which were correlated with the expression of neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2). To study the functional impact of GLS1 on neurogenesis, we used small interference RNA targeting GLS1 and determined the expressions of neuronal genes by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. siRNA silencing of GLS1 significantly reduced the expression of MAP-2, indicating that GLS1 is essential for neurogenesis. To unravel the specific process(es) of neurogenesis being affected, we further studied the proliferation and survival of NPCs in vitro. siRNA silencing of GLS1 significantly reduced the Ki67 + and increased the TUNEL + cells, suggesting critical roles of GLS1 for the proliferation and survival of NPCs. Together, these data suggest that GLS1 is critical for proper functions of NPCs, including neuronal differentiation, proliferation, and survival.

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“…During development of the DG and neocortex, CXCR4 is expressed by migrating NPC and neuronal precursors, and CXCL12 is expressed by cells lining the migratory path and endpoint of migration (McGrath et al 1999;Lu et al 2002;Stumm et al 2003). Previous studies have indicated that astrocytes, neurons, and NPC express CXCL12, but astrocytes seem to be the major cell type of neural lineage expressing high levels of CXCL12 (Zheng et al 1999;Langford et al 2002;Rostasy et al 2003;Peng et al 2006). The spatial and cellular expression pattern of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the brain is consistent with their role in regulating the migration and possibly, as is the case with cerebellar granule cells, the proliferation of neuronal and progenitor cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 During Human Fetal Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation

Peng

Kolb

Kennedy

et al. 2007

Jrnl Neuroimmune Pharm

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Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α, CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS) development and adulthood by mediating cell migration, enhancing precursor cell proliferation, assisting in neuronal circuit formation, and possibly regulating migration during repair. The expression pattern of CXCR4 and CXCL12 during neurogenesis has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 during neural progenitor cells (NPC) differentiation by microarray analysis and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using human fetal NPC as a model system. The production of CXCL12 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CXCR4 expression was determined by florescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, immunocytochemical staining, and CXCR4-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. Our data demonstrated that CXCR4 expression is significantly upregulated when NPC are differentiated into neuronal precursors, whereas CXCL12 is upregulated when differentiated into astrocytes. We also provide evidence that CXCR4 localization changes as neurons mature. In neuronal precursors, CXCR4 is localized in both neuronal processes and the cell body, whereas in mature neurons, it is primarily expressed on axons and dendrites. This differential expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 may be important for the temporal regulation of neuronal migration and circuit formation during development and possibly in adult neurogenesis and repair.

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HIV‐1‐infected and/or immune activated macrophages regulate astrocyte SDF‐1 production through IL‐1β

Cited by 87 publications

References 67 publications

Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology

Glutaminase 1 Is Essential for the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Survival of Human Neural Progenitor Cells

Differential Expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 During Human Fetal Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation

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