Historical Data in the Evaluation of Violent Subjects

Parental loss, depression and violence: III. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FEMALE PRISONERS

“…An earlier study (Climent & Ervin (1972)) has shown that there are several variables that are clearly associated with the presence of violent behavior in female prisoners. Among them are: the existence of neurological disorders in family members, the existence of other medical disorders in family members, the diagnosis of "Dyscontrol Syndrome", and early parental loss.…”

Does violence beget violence? A critical examination of the literature.

“…In their study of violent emergency-room patients, Climent and Ervin (1972) found that violent subjects had thought about suicide (73%) and had attempted suicide (25%) more often than had controls (20% and 0%, respectively). Similarly, Bach-y-Rita and Veno (1974) reported a high incidence of self-destructive behaviors and self-mutilation in a group of 62 habitually violent patients/inmates from a California prison population.…”

Exploring the Link between Recurrent Acts of Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty and Subsequent Violent Crime

“…First, many of the studies failed to clearly define the behaviors being studied (i.e., animal cruelty and personal aggression). Second, all but one ofthe studies (Climent et al, 1972) that did not find a clear relationship between animal cruelty and violence examined only single acts ofviolence toward humans. However, investigators who found an association between animal cruelty and violence had examined recurrent violence rather than single acts ofviolence.…”

“…In 1961, Macdonald proposed a triad ofchildhood characteristics-enuresis, fire setting, and cruelty toward animals-that he believed could possibly be indicative oflater human violence. Since then, numerous researchers using various methodological techniques and a myriad of samples have attempted to examine the specific association between childhood animal cruelty and later violence toward humans (Arluke et al, 1999;Climent, Hyg, & Ervin, 1972;Climent, Rollins, Ervin, & Plutchik, 1973;Felthous, 1980aFelthous, , 1980bFelthous & Barnard, 1979;Felthous & Kellert, 1986;Felthous & Yudowitz, 1977;Gleyzer, Felthous, & Holzer, 2002;Hellman & Blackman, 1966;Kellert & Felthous, 1985;Langevin, Paitich, Orchard, Handy, & Russon, 1983;Lewis, Shanok, Grant, & Ritvo, 1983;Macdonald, 1968;Merz-Perez & Heide, 2003;Merz-Perez et al, 2001;Miller & Knutson, 1997;Prentky & Carter, 1984;Rada, 1975;Ressler et al, 1998;Rigdon & Tapia, 1977;Sendi & Blomgren, 1975;Shanok et al, 1983;Tapia, 1971;Tingle, Barnard, Robbins, Newman, & Hutchinson, 1986;Verlinden, 2000;Wright & Hensley, 2003).…”

“…Unfortunately, the results ofthese studies have been inconsistent in showing the link between childhood acts ofanimal cruelty and later violence perpetrated against humans. In fact, several ofthese studies have either not shown a link or have found no apparent time order between the two acts (Arluke et al, 1999;Climent et al, 1972;Climent et al, 1973;Felthous & Barnard, 1979;Langevin et al, 1983;Lewis et al, 1983;Macdonald, 1968;Miller & Knutson, 1997;Prentky & Carter, 1984;Rada, 1975;Rigdon & Tapia, 1977;Sendi & Blomgren, 1975;Shanoketal., 1983), whereas other studies have supported the association, including the time order (Felthous, 1980a(Felthous, , 1980bFelthous & Kellert, 1986;Felthous & Yudowitz, 1977;Gleyzer et al, 2002;Hellman & Blackman, 1966;Kellert & Felthous, 1985;Merz-Perez & Heide, 2003;Merz-Perez et al, 2001;Ressler et al, 1998;Tingle et al, 1986;Verlinden, 2000;Wright & Hensley, 2003).…”