Histopathology, Biochemistry, and Pathogenicity ofVibrio harveyiInfecting Black Tiger PrawnPenaeus monodon

Abstract

Vibrio harveyi infection was found to occur in pond‐reared black tiger prawn in Thailand. The diseased prawns with a hepatopancreatic infection of V. harveyi showed bacterial invasions and multiplication in the tubular lumens. This condition was followed by necrosis of hepatopancreatic cells and the thickened basal lamina, subsequent granulomatous encapsulation of the invaded tubules, and production of granulation tissue around granulomatous lesions. Heavy bacterial multiplication in the hepatopancreatic tubules caused systemic bacterial dissemination, which resulted in marked necrosis in the heart and lymphoid organ. On the other hand, two prawns with percuticular infection by V. harveyi had bacterial invasions in the subcuticular, spongy connective tissue in the telson, and systemic dissemination was followed by the occurrence of bacteriaphagocytizing hemocytes in the various tissues. Both types of isolates (chitinase positive and negative) were moderately pathogenic to prawn; intramuscular injection of 105‐106 colony‐forming units per prawn resulted in mortalities of 53–100%, and the chitinase‐negative isolate was more virulent than the chitinase‐positive isolate. The injected prawns exhibited systemic infection (as in prawns with a natural percuticular infection) in the moribund condition and granulomatous encapsulation in the injected sites on days 1–7 postinjection.

Bacteraemia in free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis

“…Species of the genus Vibrio were the most commonly isolated bacteria, with V. harveyi predominated in blood from FP affected turtles (tumour scores 2 and 3). V. harveyi has been documented as a significant pathogen of crustaceans (Jiravanichpaisal et al 1994, Diggles et al 2000, seahorses (Alcaide et al 2001), and finfish (Zhang & Austin 2000). However, this is the first documentation of infection with this bacterium in sea turtles.…”

Efficacy of marine green alga Ulva fasciata extract on the management of shrimp bacterial diseases

“…V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi poses a serious disease problem in cultured black tiger shrimp in India (Karunasagar et al, 1997;Selvin & Lipton 2003a;Manilal et al, 2010b). Vibrio species are considered to be members of the normal bacterial flora of shrimp and the culture environment (Jiravanichpaisal et al, 1994;Otta et al, 1999). Often acting as opportunistic pathogens or secondary invaders, they may cause total mortality of reared shrimps (Lightner, 1988;Nash et al, 1992).…”

Crop Rotation as a Better Sanitary Practice in Culture of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798)

“…When these pathogenic strains are plentiful, they can over whelm the immune system of shrimp, allowing diseases to occur. In naturally diseased P. monodon, V. harveyi invades the hepatopancreas tubules and causes extensive lesions even in the absence of other pathogen such as baculovirus and parasites (Jiravanichpaisal et al, 1994). V. harveyi produces proteases, phospholipases or hemolysins which may play important roles in the pathogenicity of P. monodon (Liu et al, 1996).…”