Abstract:Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for progression of periodontitis, which effects on the incidence, extent and severity of the periodontal disease and no other known factors can be harmful as much as smoking to the periodontal tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and histopathological effects of smoking on free gingiva in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Biopsies were obtained from palatal gingiva of first and second molar of 72 patients with c… Show more
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