Histopathologic Response to Highly Purified Liquid Silicone Injected Intradermally in Rats’ Skin

Cakmak, Ozcan; Türköz, Hüseyin Kemal; Polat, Şenol; Serin, Gediz Murat; Hızal, Evren; Tanyeri, Hasan

doi:10.1007/s00266-011-9657-4

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Technical considerations or quality of the material was speculated to be the triggering factor [7,8,[13][14][15][16]. Cakmak et al [14] noted in their animal study that purified high-density liquid injectable silicone had caused a low-grade and well-tolerated inflammatory response in the long-term follow-up period when given in small-volume injections without any foreign granuloma formation. An idiosyncratic reaction, trauma, pregnancy, cross-reaction to drugs, or any infection might aggravate the host response to cause a granulamatous reaction [8,13,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-Term Complications of Polyethylene Glycol Injection to the Face

et al. 2011

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Currently, filling, smoothing, or recontouring the face through the use of injectable fillers is one of the most popular forms of cosmetic surgery. Because these materials promise a more youthful appearance without anesthesia in a noninvasive way, various fillers have been used widely in different parts of the world. However, most of these fillers have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and their applications might cause unpleasant disfiguring complications. This report describes a case of foreign body granuloma in the cheeks secondary to polyethylene glycol injection and shows the possible complications associated with the use of facial fillers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-Term Complications of Polyethylene Glycol Injection to the Face

et al. 2011

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“…Such formation suggests that there is a chronic inflammation caused by persistence of a foreign material (e.g., silicone) in tissue. 10 Macrophages phagocytose silicone, and thereby, reducing the size of the silicone deposits (Figure 4). Macrophages release cytokines, such as TNFα.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Foreign Body Reactions due to Industrial Silicone Injection

2018

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BACKGROUNDA foreign body reaction (FBR) is a typical tissue response to a biomaterial that has been injected or implanted in human body tissue. There has been a lack of data on the classification of foreign body reaction to silicone injection, which can describe the pattern of body tissue responses to silicone.OBJECTIVEDetermine the foreign body reaction to silicone injection.METHODWe modified the classification proposed by Duranti and colleagues, which has categorized a FBR to hyaluronic acid injection into a new classification of an FBR to silicone injection. A cohort study of 31 women suffering from silicone-induced granulomas on their chin was conducted. Granulomatous tissue and submental skin were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and evaluated.RESULTSOur data revealed that there were at least 7 categories of FBRs to silicone injection that could be developed. Categories 1 to 4 showed inflammatory activity, and categories 5 to 8 showed tissue repair by fibrosis.CONCLUSIONUsing histopathological staining, we are able to sequence the steps of body reactions to silicone injection. Initial inflammatory reaction is then replaced by fibrosis process repairing the damaged tissues. The process depends on the host immune tolerance.

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“…Promulgation of the US FDA modernization act in 1997, improvements in the purity and composition of the LIS, and the development of appropriate injection techniques have facilitated the "off-label" use of LIS as dermal filler. 6,9 However, histopathological studies that document the long-term inflammatory response to modern LIS are limited, and to our knowledge there is yet no study that addresses the tissue response to LIS with different viscosities. Medical grade, highly purified, and FDA-approved modern LIS can be found in mainly two different viscosities: 1,000 cS and 5,000 cS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same holds true for the histopathologic response because the results of other silicone fluids may not be comparable to results obtained from modern, highly purified medical grade LIS. However, our knowledge about the histopathological response to LIS mostly depends on the results of studies from the 1960s . Long‐term inflammatory response to the modern LIS thus far has not been clearly defined in an animal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%