Histone Modification and Breast Cancer

Glycoxidation of histone proteins in autoimmune disorders

“…Histone glycation in cancer is another future perspective for histone glycation as histones lie in proximity to rapid metabolic processes that generate glycating agents. The AGE-RAGE axis in carcinogenesis is emerging [81][82][83] and the autoimmune response against the glyoxidatively modified proteins in cancer need to be studied. Can immune response against specific determinants of glycated histones help in early detection of diseases with diagnostic relevance is a subject to study.…”

Epigenetic changes in cancer by Raman imaging, fluorescence imaging, AFM and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Acetylation in normal and human cancer breast cells MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231

“…Many HATs have also been shown to be involved in breast cancer, particularly p300/CBP and NCOAs are the most important and well-charac-terised HAT proteins related to breast cancer. 5 The impact of acetylation on transcription and post-translational modifications of proteins in cancer has been widely reviewed. 6,7 While for many years epigenetic research of cancer focused on DNA methylation; now, a critical role in epigenetic gene modifications occurring in posttranslational processes, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, has been assigned to the histone structure.…”

Dicarbonyl Induced Structural Perturbations Make Histone H1 Highly Immunogenic and Generate an Auto-Immune Response in Cancer

“…The importance of RAGE in the early pathogenesis of Kras-driven pancreatic cancer has also been studied [ 7 , 11 , 32 – 34 ]. Furthermore, histone modifications are known to play a necessary functional role in the regulation of processes like gene transcription and in the proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy and other aspects of human cancers [ 16 ]. Among the histones, histone H1, the linker protein that serves the most important role in chromatin condensation, protection of DNA from external damage and in activation and repression of specific genes is glycated by glucose, fructose, ribose, and ADP-ribose leading to the formation of by-products like pentosidine, argpyrimidine etc.…”

“…The detection of autoantibodies generated against aberrantly processed proteins in cancer that are immunogenic and stimulate cellular and humoral immune response have led to a series of researches aimed at the detection of cancer autoantigens on the pattern of rheumatoid arthritis, wherein anti IgG antibodies have been reported as a diagnostic biomarker [ 14 ]. Among the proteins, post-translational modifications of histones, in particular have an important role in gene expression and consequently in cancer development and progression, and their modifications are also being explored as potential biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis [ 15 – 16 ].…”