Histone H1 and its isoforms: Contribution to chromatin structure and function

Happel, Nicole; Doenecke, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.003

Cited by 354 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…H1 is the most distinct of the five histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) in chromatin (10,11). Mammals contain at least eight histone H1 subtypes or variants that differ in amino acid sequences and expression during development (12)(13)(14). Functional differences among these subtypes have been difficult to identify because they appear to act redundantly in development (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Mammals contain at least eight histone H1 subtypes or variants that differ in amino acid sequences and expression during development (12)(13)(14). Functional differences among these subtypes have been difficult to identify because they appear to act redundantly in development (14)(15)(16)(17). Although the precise location of histone H1 within the chromatin fiber is uncertain, it is known that histone H1 resides outside the nucleosome core particle, where it associates with the DNA as it enters and exits the core particle and protects an additional ∼20 bp of DNA (linker DNA).…”

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H1 linker histone promotes epigenetic silencing by regulating both DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation

Yang

Kim

Toro

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

104

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Epigenetic silencing in mammals involves DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of core histones. Here we show that the H1 linker histone plays a key role in regulating both DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation at the H19 and Gtl2 loci in mouse ES cells. Some, but not all, murine H1 subtypes interact with DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3B. The interactions are direct and require a portion of the H1 C-terminal domain. Expression of an H1 subtype that interacts with DNMT1 and DNMT3B in ES cells leads to their recruitment and DNA methylation of the H19 and Gtl2 imprinting control regions. H1 also interferes with binding of the SET7/9 histone methyltransferase to the imprinting control regions, inhibiting production of an activating methylation mark on histone H3 lysine 4. H1-dependent recruitment of DNMT1 and DNMT3B and interference with the binding of SET7/9 also were observed with chromatin reconstituted in vitro. The data support a model in which H1 plays an active role in helping direct two processes that lead to the formation of epigenetic silencing marks. The data also provide evidence for functional differences among the H1 subtypes expressed in somatic mammalian cells.mouse embryonic stem cell | H1 histone triple knockout T wo major types of epigenetic marks occur in mammalian genomes, DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of histones (1, 2). The methylation of cytosines in mammalian DNA occurs primarily at CpG dinucleotides and is essential for normal mammalian development (1, 3). Perturbations of DNA methylation patterns are thought to play a role in cancer development (4). There are two classes of mammalian DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), one that functions primarily to establish DNA methylation de novo (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and the other to maintain it (DNMT1) (3). DNA methylation can have profound effects on gene expression and is most often associated with transcriptional silencing (1, 2). Accumulating evidence indicates the existence of crosstalk between the DNA methylation and core histone modification systems (1, 2). For example, mouse ES cells deficient for the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferases Suv39h1/h2 exhibit hypomethylation of CpGs at a subset of repetitive DNA elements (5). Additionally, several lines of evidence indicate that the presence of unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) in chromatin favors de novo methylation of DNA (6-9). Despite these advances, the factors in chromatin that coordinate DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation have not been identified.In this study, we investigated the role of the linker histone H1 in regulating DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation at the H19 and Gtl2 loci in mouse ES cells. H1 is the most distinct of the five histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) in chromatin (10,11). Mammals contain at least eight histone H1 subtypes or variants that differ in amino acid sequences and expression during development (12-14). Functional differences among these subtypes have been difficult to identif...

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

H1 linker histone promotes epigenetic silencing by regulating both DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation

Yang

Kim

Toro

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

104

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“…However, in vivo H1 has been shown to be more dynamic than core histones (Lever et al 2000;Misteli et al 2000). Several knockout studies across a wide range of organisms revealed that H1 has multiple functions, including participation in the regulation of most nuclear processes (Izzo et al 2008;Happel and Doenecke 2009), mediated at least in some cases by specific H1-protein interactions (McBryant et al 2010). H1 depletion leads to perturbation in the expression of only a subset of genes, with both up-regulation and down-regulation (Shen and Gorovsky 1996;Hellauer et al 2001;Fan et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

A dual role of linker histone H1.4 Lys 34 acetylation in transcriptional activation

Kamieniarz¹,

Izzo²,

Dundr³

et al. 2012

Genes Dev.

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The linker histone H1 is a key player in chromatin organization, yet our understanding of the regulation of H1 functions by post-translational modifications is very limited. We provide here the first functional characterization of H1 acetylation. We show that H1.4K34 acetylation (H1.4K34ac) is mediated by GCN5 and is preferentially enriched at promoters of active genes, where it stimulates transcription by increasing H1 mobility and recruiting a general transcription factor. H1.4K34ac is dynamic during spermatogenesis and marks undifferentiated cells such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and testicular germ cell tumors. We propose a model for H1.4K34ac as a novel regulator of chromatin function with a dual role in transcriptional activation.

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“…The pluripotency and self-renewal properties of embryonic stem (ES) 7 cells are controlled at the molecular level by a tightly regulated network of transcription factors, including the master transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. These pluripotency factors occupy the regulatory regions of both selfrenewal and developmental genes and have the dual ability to maintain the high levels of expression of genes needed for selfrenewal and suppress the expression of differentiation genes (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Histone H1 Variants Are Differentially Expressed and Incorporated into Chromatin during Differentiation and Reprogramming to Pluripotency

Terme

Sesé

Millán-Ariño

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

106

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Histone H1 and its isoforms: Contribution to chromatin structure and function

Cited by 354 publications

References 163 publications

H1 linker histone promotes epigenetic silencing by regulating both DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation

H1 linker histone promotes epigenetic silencing by regulating both DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation

A dual role of linker histone H1.4 Lys 34 acetylation in transcriptional activation

Histone H1 Variants Are Differentially Expressed and Incorporated into Chromatin during Differentiation and Reprogramming to Pluripotency

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