Histochemical Studies of Lysosomes and Lysosomal Enzymes in Virus-Infected Cell Cultures

Allison, A. C.; Mallucci, Livio

doi:10.1084/jem.121.3.463

Cited by 160 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(3) It is possible that drug-induced metabolic errors or lysosomal membrane instability during Gj may lead to the subsequent appearance of chromosomal damage during or after DNA systhesis [2,3,25]. To us, this appears to be the most likely explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of LSD-25 on the Chromosomes of Children Exposed in Utero

et al. 1968

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ExtractThis paper reports the cytogenetic investigation of nine children exposed to LSD-25 ,in utero, four children of'other LSD users not exposed in utero, the mothers of these children, and six additional adults taking the drug. In comparison with matched controls, significantly elevated frequencies of chromosomal damage were observed in all the individuals exposed. The frequencies of aberrations, however, were markedly reduced in those children not exposed in utero. Eight structural rearrangements were observed, six dicentric chromosomes and two quadriradial formations, among those individuals exposed to the drug, but none was observed in the controls. In spite of obvious chromosomal aberrations, all of the individuals in this study were apparently healthy and showed no obvious birth defects. Speculation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of LSD-25 on the Chromosomes of Children Exposed in Utero

et al. 1968

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“…of RA (3, 5, 6, 12) is sharpened by the fact that two persistent characteristics of rheumatoid synovium in vitro (accelerated synthesis of hyaluronate and increased cellular acid phosphatase content) can be induced experimentally in specific cell systems by exogenous virus infection (19,20). Although at present there is no direct evidence that a virus is basic to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disease, the recent study (6) demonstrating an absolute resistance of rheumatoid synovium to experimental RV infection suggested the possibility that a previously established virus infection might exist in rheumatoid synovium.…”

Section: S E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of cultures of rheumatoid tissues to rubella virus infection

Parker

McCollum

Kerby³

1972

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Previous reports by others of resistance of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells to experimental virus infection prompted extension of such studies to rheumatoid fibroblasts from other tissues. Strains of cells derived from rheumatoid skin, synovium and a nodule and from nonrheumatoid skin and synovium were inoculated in vitro with rubella virus (RV). All of the tissues studied proved equally susceptible to RV infection.Rheumatoid synovial cells grown as a monolayer in tissue culture differ from cells derived similarly from patients with other types of arthritis. To summarize briefly, rheumatoid cells show increased lysosomal activity (1 ), solubilize cartilage matrix (2), have a decreased life span (3), form hyaluronic acid at an accelerated rate but of abnormal intrinsic viscosity (4, 5), metabolize glucose more rapidly (5), are less responsive to hydrocortisone suppression in formation of hyaluronate (4), are less affected by polypeptide "activator" (5), and are reported to be completely resistant to infection with RV (6) and relatively resistant to infection with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) (7). The increased lysosomal activity, the more rapid metabolism of glucose and the (1,3, 5). These observations demonstrate that cells grown in vitro from rheumatoid synovium retain properties of the intact synovium from which they were derived. The studies (6, 7) reporting resistance of cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to experimental virus infection, therefore have increased speculation that a virus infection is important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (3, 5, 6,12).The present study was undertaken to determine if fibroblasts derived from rheumatoid skin and rheumatoid nodules would also show the resistance to RV infection reported by Grayzel and Beck (6) for rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. For this purpose, rheumatoid skin and nodule fibroblasts were inoculated with RV. Strains of nonrheumatoid skin, rheumatoid synovium and nonrheumatoid synovium served as controls for comparison. Rubella virus was assayed from the supernatant medium of virusinfected cultures.Resultant data indicated that fibroblasts from rheumatoid skin and a single rheumatoid nodule uniformly were susceptible to RV infection. Unexpectedly, rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts also showed no resistance to RV infection under the conditions employed.

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“…2f). Since a striking aspect of the cytopathic damage caused by MHV-3 in macrophages is an early increase in the permeability of the lysosomal membrane followed by massive lysosomal disruption (Allison & Mallucci, 1965;Mallucci, 1966), we examined the involvement of these organelles and found that in the presence of cytochalasin B, a considerable degree of lysosomal integrity had been retained both in single cells and in polykaryocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%