HISDAC-US, historical settlement data compilation for the conterminous United States over 200 years

Leyk, Stefan; Uhl, Johannes

doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.175

“…While beyond the scope of this work, characterizing the distribution of built-up characteristics across blocks that transition and those that do not would aid in this task. In addition to using GHSL, which is available globally, we could use the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the Conterminous United States HISDAC-US [34], a new much-longer time-series, for the US, to further determine the timing of reclassification and revise the long-term descriptions of urban growth, nationally, over even longer time periods. Similarly, following blocks across multiple census periods would help to identify patterns of change over time and, potentially, further improve a predictive model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Change in the United States, 1990–2010: A Spatial Assessment of Administrative Reclassification

Jones

¹

,

Balk

²

,

Leyk

³

2020

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In today’s increasingly urban world, understanding the components of urban population growth is essential. While the demographic components of natural increase and migration have received the overwhelming share of attention to date, this paper addresses the effects of administrative reclassification on urban population growth as derived from census data, which remain largely unstudied. We adopt a spatial approach, using the finest resolution US census data available for three decennial census periods, to estimate the magnitude of reclassification and examine the spatial-temporal variation in reclassification effects. We supplement the census data by using satellite-derived settlement data to further explain reclassification outcomes. We find that while 10% and 7% of the population live in areas that underwent urban/rural reclassification during the 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 time periods, respectively (with smaller fractions of corresponding land), reclassification has a substantial effect on metrics derived to characterize the urbanization process—comprising roughly 44% and 34% of total urban population growth over each period. The estimated magnitude of this effect is sensitive to assumptions regarding the timing of reclassification. The approach also reveals where, how, to what degree, and, in some part, why reclassification is affecting to the process of urbanization on the fine spatial scale, including the impact of underlying demographic processes. This research provides new directions to more effectively study coupled nature–human systems and their interactions.

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“…• Are there novel data sources, or data integration & synthesis opportunities, that can build national and global datasets on societal impacts (e.g., fine-resolution housing data from Zillow; Leyk & Uhl, 2018) )? • Can we use data opportunities to expand our understanding of baselines in space and time to detect shifts and extreme deviations?…”

Section: Leveraging the Data Revolution And New Methods To Understand Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expanding structure area in locations at risk of disturbance could indicate growing exposure to extremes. Focusing on the intersection between droughts and fires, panel (a) depicts the areas that experienced fires >400 ha (Monitoring trends in Burn Severity, 1984-2016http://mtbs.gov;(United States Geological Survey, 2019)), exceptional drought (category D4, 1984-2016http://metdata.northwesternknowledge.net;(Abatzoglou, 2013) or both combined with structure interior area growth (m2) from Zillow ZTRAX database (1980-2015; https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/hisdacus; Leyk & Uhl, 2018). (b) Comparison between disturbance types shows that while more building area was constructed in areas not subject to fire or droughts, areas that had experienced drought, fire or both had large increases in structure area, possibly increasing exposure to these extremes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-environmental extremes: rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting biophysical and social systems

Balch¹,

Iglesias²,

Braswell³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Extreme droughts, heat waves, fires, hurricanes, floods, and landslides cause the largest losses in the United States, and globally, from natural hazards linked to weather and climate. There is evidence that the frequency of such extremes is increasing, particularly for heat waves, large fires, and intense precipitation, making better understanding of the probability and consequences of these events imperative. Further, these events are not isolated, but rather interact with each other, and with social and ecological vulnerability, to amplify impacts. Less is known about the nature and strength of these interactions. Natural and social science subfields frame extreme events with different definitions and analytical approaches, and most analyses neglect interactions and the subsequent novel extremes that can arise. Here we propose a framework for socio-environmental extremes, defined as extraordinary events that emerge from interactions among biophysical and social phenomena and have some degree of social impact. We review how different fields approach extremes as interacting phenomena and propose a synthetic framework for conceptualizing and defining extremes from both an environmental and social perspective. This approach recognizes multiple drivers and responses that yield extreme events and extreme outcomes, and reconciles the gap between understanding extremes as biophysical processes and their social underpinnings and impacts. We conclude with a future research agenda that adds clarity and direction to understanding the extreme events that matter to society. This agenda will help to identify where, when, and why communities may have high exposure and vulnerability to socio- environmental extremes—informing future mitigation and adaptation strategies.

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“…Expanding structure area in locations at risk of disturbance could indicate growing exposure to extremes. Focusing on the intersection between droughts and fires, panel (a) depicts the areas that experienced fires >400 ha (Monitoring trends in Burn Severity, 1984 -2016; http://mtbs.gov; (United States Geological Survey, 2019)), exceptional drought (category D4, 1984-2016http://metdata.northwesternknowledge.net;(Abatzoglou, 2013) or both combined with structure interior area growth (m2) from Zillow ZTRAX database (1980-2015; https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/hisdacus; Leyk & Uhl, 2018). (b) Comparison between disturbance types shows that while more building area was constructed in areas not subject to fire or droughts, areas that had experienced drought, fire or both had large increases in structure area, possibly increasing exposure to these extremes.…”

Section: A Research Agenda For Studying the Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-environmental extremes: rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting biophysical and social systems

Balch,

Iglesias,

Braswell

et al. 2019

Preprint

3

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extreme droughts, heat waves, fires, hurricanes, floods, and landslides cause the largest losses in the United States, and globally, from natural hazards linked to weather and climate. There is evidence that the frequency of such extremes is increasing, particularly for heat waves, large fires, and intense precipitation, making better understanding of the probability and consequences of these events imperative. Further, these events are not isolated, but rather interact with each other, and with social and ecological vulnerability, to amplify impacts. Less is known about the nature and strength of these interactions. Natural and social science subfields frame extreme events with different definitions and analytical approaches, and most analyses neglect interactions and the subsequent novel extremes that can arise. Here we propose a framework for socio-environmental extremes, defined as extraordinary events that emerge from interactions among biophysical and social phenomena and have some degree of social impact. We review how different fields approach extremes as interacting phenomena and propose a synthetic framework for conceptualizing and defining extremes from both an environmental and social perspective. This approach recognizes multiple drivers and responses that yield extreme events and extreme outcomes, and reconciles the gap between understanding extremes as biophysical processes and their social underpinnings and impacts. We conclude with a future research agenda that adds clarity and direction to understanding the extreme events that matter to society. This agenda will help to identify where, when, and why communities may have high exposure and vulnerability to socio- environmental extremes—informing future mitigation and adaptation strategies.

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HISDAC-US, historical settlement data compilation for the conterminous United States over 200 years

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Urban Change in the United States, 1990–2010: A Spatial Assessment of Administrative Reclassification

Urban Change in the United States, 1990–2010: A Spatial Assessment of Administrative Reclassification

Socio-environmental extremes: rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting biophysical and social systems

Socio-environmental extremes: rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting biophysical and social systems

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