Highly reversible lead-carbon battery anode with lead grafting on the carbon surface

Abstract

A novel C/Pb composite has been successfully prepared by electroless plating to reduce the hydrogen evolution and achieve the high reversibility of the anode of lead-carbon battery (LCB). The deposited lead on the surface of C/Pb composite was found to be uniform and adherent to carbon surface. Because lead has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite, the embedded structure suppresses the hydrogen evolution of lead-carbon anode and strengthens the connection between carbon additive and sponge lead. Compared with the blank anode, the lead-carbon anode with C/Pb composite displays excellent chargedischarge reversibility, which is attributed to the good connection between carbon additives and lead that has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite during the preparation process. The addition of C/Pb composite maintains a solid anode structure with high specific surface area and power volume, and thereby, it plays a significant role in the highly reversible lead-carbon anode.

Electrochemical Zinc Ion Capacitors Enhanced by Redox Reactions of Porous Carbon Cathodes

“…[ 1 ] Among various rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems are preferred due to their high safety and low capital cost. [ 2 ] However, commercial aqueous lead‐ and nickel‐based rechargeable batteries possess low energy densities (≈45 Wh kg −1 for Pb–acid batteries; [ 3 ] ≈50 Wh kg −1 for Ni–Cd batteries [ 4 ] ) and limited life spans, which increases the energy storage cost per unit energy output, [ 5,6 ] thus limits their practical applications. Zinc metal is considered as an ideal anode for aqueous energy storage devices because of its high theoretical capacity (gravimetric, 820 mAh g −1 ; volumetric, 5851 mAh cm −3 ), low potential (−0.76 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), and high hydrogen evolution overpotential.…”

Effect of the lead deposition on the performance of the negative electrode in an aqueous lead–carbon hybrid capacitor

“…The change of the morphology and crystallinity of lead and lead sulfate on the negative electrode surface will lead to sulfation [14]. Due to the poor conductivity of PbSO 4 , the accumulation of lead sulfate will lead to the reduction of the electrode active area, increase the reaction resistance, thus increasing the difficulty of the transformation of the active substances.…”

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

“…In addition, there is no information on how the impedance results were obtained when the content was more than 1 wt%, as well as the discharge and total polarization results when the content was greater than 0.1 wt%. Nevertheless, attempts were made to improve the performance of battery electrodes using carbonaceous materials, [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and the effect was confirmed in the FeS 2 cathode of thermal batteries. However, additional validation is required for actual mass production.…”

“…13) Carboneous materials have been extensively studied and used as additives for electrodes in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Among them, some carboneous materials are used as current collectors and as electrode supports without adding other binder materials. 34,[49][50][51][52][53][54] Noda et al showed that electrodes containing 99 wt% of active materials and 1 wt% CNTs can be produced.…”