Highly Oriented {010} Crystal Plane Induced by Boron in Cobalt-Free Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxide

Abstract

Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide (LMR) materials are a promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion battery (LIB) anode materials because of their high specific capacity. However, their low initial Coulombic efficiency, voltage decay, and irreversible phase transition during cycling are the fatal drawbacks of LMR materials. This work reports on a cobalt-free LMR material composed of primary particles with a boron-induced exposed long- strip-like {010} plane. Because of this unique structure, the long strip-like cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 202 mAh g–1 at 1 C and a retention rate of 95.2% after 200 cycles. In addition, it is found that this long strip-like structure can modulate the redox of oxygen and enhance the reversibility. The irreversible phase transition process from the layered to a spinel and then to a rock-salt phase during cycling is also significantly suppressed. This work provides a feasible method for regulating the exposed {010} plane and a new idea for the structural design of LMR materials.

Constructing an Inhomogeneous Surface to Suppress the Capacity Decay of Li-Rich Layered Cathode Materials

“…As displayed in Figure b,c and the selected region I, the interlayer spacing of 0.37 and 0.21 nm with the angle of 23° can be indexed to (−111) and (−221) facets of C /2 m monoclinic structure, respectively. It indicates that the typical Li 2 MnO 3 phase does exist in the P-LMNO sample . Analogously, Figure e,f,h,i and the enlarged regions II and III present the HRTEM image with clear lattice fringes and the corresponding fast Fourier transformation (FFT) patterns.…”

“…It indicates that the typical Li 2 MnO 3 phase does exist in the P-LMNO sample. 47 Analogously, Figure 4e,f,h,i and the enlarged regions II and III present the HRTEM image with clear lattice fringes and the corresponding fast Fourier transformation (FFT) patterns. Except for the interlayer spacing of 0.37 and 0.32 nm with the angle of 49°attributed to the (−111) and (021) facets of C/ 2m monoclinic structure for the M-LMNO sample, the interplanar spacing of 0.42 and 0.24 nm with the angle of 90°also corresponds well to the (020) and (002) facets of the Li 2 MnO 3 component (C/2m) for the N-LMNO sample.…”

Engineering Crystal Orientation of Cathode for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Minireview

“…Guo and co-workers synthesized Li-and Mn-rich layered oxide with highly oriented {010} crystal facet. [75] To explore the competence of material to resist phase transition, the in-situ high-temperature XRD measurements are shown in Figure 7c. During the heating process, the layered structure of pristine material evolves into spinel and then into rock-salt structures.…”

“…Finally, the preferential orientation growth also has a significant suppressed effect on the irreversible phase transition during cycling, which are the fatal drawbacks of layered‐structure cathodes and can induce attenuation of voltage/capacity. Guo and co‐workers synthesized Li‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxide with highly oriented {010} crystal facet [75] . To explore the competence of material to resist phase transition, the in‐situ high‐temperature XRD measurements are shown in Figure 7c.…”

How to Promote the Industrial Application of SiOx Anode Prelithiation: Capability, Accuracy, Stability, Uniformity, Cost, and Safety

“…Since lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were first introduced to the market by Sony in 1991, [1][2][3] it have been widely used commercially due to its fast charge-discharge characteristics, high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and have great potential in stationary energy storage batteries and power batteries for electric vehicles (EVs). [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In terms of power batteries, according to the statistics of the Chinese market by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, the transaction volume of EVs has increased year by year, and it has become one of the most important markets in the battery industry. [23] Si, SiO x possesses better cycling performance and still considerable theoretical capacity (≈1600-2500 mAh g −1 ).…”