Highly ordered macroporous woody biochar with ultra-high carbon content as supercapacitor electrodes

Jiang, Junhua; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Xinying; Holm, Nancy; Rajagopalan, Kishore; Chen, Fanglin; Ma, Shuguo

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.121

Cited by 251 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Results indicated that the use of biochar is promising as an electrode due to its low cost and satisfactory performance. The supercapacitor electrodes, made from biochar (derived from woody biomass) had a potential window of about 1.3 V and fast charging-discharging behavior with a gravimetric capacitance of about 14 F/g [75]. Authors also improved the performance of woody biochar by activating the biochar with nitric acid.…”

Section: Biochar Based Supercapacitormentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent advances in utilization of biochar

Qian

Kumar

Zhang

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

713

229

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Section: Biochar Based Supercapacitormentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent advances in utilization of biochar

Qian

Kumar

Zhang

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

713

229

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“…39,40 Naturally abundant biomass resources often possess hierarchical structures such as hierarchical pore network and periodic pattern, which may be unique precursors for the fabrication of nanostructured carbon materials with desirable properties for supercapacitors. 41,42 Biomass resources are sustainable which can be not only transformed into biofuels to replace fossil fuels but also converted into green carbon materials. It has been encourageably demonstrated that many biochar carbon materials possess hierarchical porous nanostructures, high specific surfaces and high conductivity.…”

Section: H5044mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Jiang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A supercapacitor comprising of two binder-free biochar monolith electrodes and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate based ionic liquid electrolyte was studied at room temperature and 140 • C by cyclic voltammetry, constant-current charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor exhibits an operating voltage window of approximately 6 V. It is found that increasing temperature from room temperature to 140 • C considerably increases its specific mass capacity and its charge-discharge rate by a factor of approximately 10. The specific capacity of the supercapacitor calculated from the voltammetric measurements depended on scan rates. At 140 • C, a capacity of 21 F g −1 was obtained at 5 mV s −1 and this value decreases to around 10 F g −1 at 100 mV s −1 ; the constant-current charge-discharge profiles exhibit pseudo-linear voltage-time responses during the discharges. The supercapacitor shows good stability characteristics of no obvious performance decay after 1000 cycles within a voltage window of 6 V. Electrochemical impedance spectra of the supercapacitor display a wide linear region corresponding to diffusion control. The energy densities of the supercapacitor that are normalized to the total active electrode materials are higher than 20 Wh kg −1 when its power density is lower than 2000 W kg −1 . These facts suggest that the high-temperature biochar supercapacitor would be a promising energy-storage device with high energy and power density. Securing our energy future is the most important problem that humanity faces in this century. Electrochemical energy storage systems such as batteries and electrochemical capacitors (or supercapacitors) have been considered the most effective technologies for practical applications, 1,2 however, the battery front-runner, Li-ion batteries, suffer from a sluggish charge/discharge and a limited lifespan.3 Due to these limitations, supercapacitors have received rapidly increasing attention for their applications in energy storage due to their high power density, rapid charge-discharge capability, and long life cycle.4-7 Currently, more than 80% of commercial supercapacitors utilize carbon as a primary active electrode material. The energy is stored at the electrolyte/carbon interfaces through two primary mechanisms: electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC) which involves physical adsorption of ions from the electrolyte, and pseudocapacitance involving reversible faradaic redox reactions. 8,9 The stored energy of a supercapacitor (E) can be calculated based on the following equation:where C is the dc capacitance in F, and V is the nominal voltage. The most important challenge supercapacitors are facing today is increasing the cell energy density beyond 10 Wh kg −1 and reducing costs at the same time.11 This can be potentially achieved by increasing the cell capacitance and/or operating voltage. The capacitance is generally determined by the carbon/electrolyte interface and electrochemical behavior of carbon surfaces. To increase t...

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“…In the work [7], red cedar was pyrolyzed at 750 °C in nitric atmosphere in order to produce ultracapacitor electrodes. The obtained specific electric capacitance was 14 F/g, and after electrode activation with nitric acid, the capacitance was 115 F/g; the used electrolyte was sulphuric acid aqueous solution.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon ceramics from plants: Graphitization of biomorphic matrixes

Iarmolenko¹

2016

Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron.

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Abstract. Properties of matrixes obtained from plants at various pyrolysis temperatures have been discussed. The article is devoted to graphitization of carbon matrixes obtained from plants. All stages of production, starting from preparation of the precursors up to high-temperature pyrolysis, have been considered together with some specific properties of matrixes at each stage. Previously unexplored new structural surface changes have been found. The use of potassium-doped wooden precursors showed the graphitization property of the matrix surfaces and allowed to form the matrix capillary wall coating with layers of crystalline graphite as well as graphene flakes and films with a low number of defects. New possibilities to apply these matrixes as examples of ultracapacitor, power unit filter electromagnetic interference and audio power amplifier antiresonance element have been discussed as well.

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Highly ordered macroporous woody biochar with ultra-high carbon content as supercapacitor electrodes

Cited by 251 publications

References 40 publications

Recent advances in utilization of biochar

Recent advances in utilization of biochar

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Carbon ceramics from plants: Graphitization of biomorphic matrixes

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