Highly Mesoporous g-C3N4 with Uniform Pore Size Distribution via the Template-Free Method to Enhanced Solar-Driven Tetracycline Degradation

Phoon, Bao Lee; Lai, Chin Wei; Pan, Guan‐Ting; Yang, Thomas C.-K.; Juan, Joon Ching

doi:10.3390/nano11082041

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…4 b–d. There were similar reports in the literature for the exfoliated ones 59 , 60 . The EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of C and N and their respective percentages as shown in Figure S2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye pollutants using thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (TE–g–C3N4)

Ganesan,

Kokulnathan,

Sumathi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4), an organic photocatalyst was reported to have beneficial properties to be used in wastewater treatment applications. However, g–C3N4, in its bulk form was found to have poor photocatalytic degradation efficiency due to its inherent limitations such as poor specific surface area and fast electron–hole pair recombination rate. In this study, we have tuned the physiochemical properties of bulk g–C3N4 by direct thermal exfoliation (TE–g–C3N4) and examined their photocatalytic degradation efficiency against abundant textile dyes such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB). The degradation efficiencies for MB, MO, and RhB dyes are 92 ± 0.18%, 93 ± 0.31%, and 95 ± 0.4% respectively in 60 min of UV light irradiation. The degradation efficiency increased with an increase in the exfoliation temperature. The prepared catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, BET, and UV-DRS. In BET analysis, TE–g–C3N4 samples showed improved surface area (48.20 m2/g) when compared to the bulk g–C3N4 (5.03 m2/g). Further, the TE–g–C3N4 had 2.98 times higher adsorption efficiency than the bulk ones. The free radicals scavenging studies revealed that the superoxide radicals played an important role in the photodegradation for dyes, when compared to the hydroxyl radical (.OH) and the photo-induced holes (h+), Photoluminescence (PL) emission and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra of TE–g–C3N4 indicated a lowered electron–hole pairs’ recombination rate and an increased photo-induced charge transfer respectively. Further, the TE–g–C3N4 were found to have excellent stability for up to 5 cycles with only a minor decrease in the activity from 92% to 86.2%. These findings proved that TE–g–C3N4 was an excellent photocatalyst for the removal and degradation of textile dyes from wastewater.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye pollutants using thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (TE–g–C3N4)

Ganesan,

Kokulnathan,

Sumathi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In case of bulk g-C3N4, flat, aggregated and non-porous flakes were observed while for exfoliated ones, thinner layers with rough surface and layered detachments were found with increasing exfoliation temperature as shown in figure 4b-d. There were similar reports in the literature for the exfoliated ones 54,55 . The EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of C and N and their respective percentages as shown in figure S2.…”

Section: Morphology Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

Thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )-based photocatalysts for the effective degradation of abundant textile dyes

Ganesan,

Kokulnathan,

Sumathi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), an organic semiconductor-based photocatalyst was reported to have several beneficial properties to be used in wastewater treatment applications. However, g-C3N4, in its bulk form has poor photocatalytic degradation efficiency due to its inherent limitations such as poor specific surface area and fast electron-hole pair recombination rate. In this study, we have tuned the physiochemical properties of bulk g-C3N4 by direct thermal exfoliation and examined their photocatalytic degradation efficiency against abundant textile dyes such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB). The degradation efficiencies for MB, MO, and RhB dyes are 92 ± 0.18%, 93 ± 0.31%, and 95 ± 0.4% respectively in 60 min of UV light irradiation. The degradation efficiency increases with an increase in the exfoliation temperature. The prepared catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, BET, and UV-DRS, to confirm their material structure, phase, surface morphology, elemental composition, specific surface area and optical properties respectively. Further, adsorption efficiency and reusability were also tested. The findings derived from the scavenging studies revealed that the involvement of superoxide radicals was the most crucial in the process of photodegradation for all dyes. PL emission and EIS spectra of exfoliated g-C3N4 indicated a decrease in the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs created by photoexcitation and enhancement in the efficiency of photo-induced charge transfer. Further, the exfoliated g-C3N4 photocatalysts were found to have excellent stability for up to 5 cycles with a minor decrease in the activity. These findings proved that exfoliated g-C3N4can be an excellent photocatalyst for the removal and degradation of textile dyes from wastewater.

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“…S3 ). Information is well presented on the type IV isotherm and H3 residual loops (P/P0 < 0.98), which are associated with slit-like pores resulting from the stacking state of the nanosheets 22 , 51 . In addition, the obtained isotherms of the non-metal-doped samples shifted toward higher volume compared with CN, proposing that using AO in polycondensation of Melamine presumably led to producing more exhaust gases that concluded to enhancing S BET and the mesopore nature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C3N4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances

Tarighati Sareshkeh,

Seyed Dorraji,

Karami

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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As a non-metallic organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor faces challenges due to factors such as low electronic conductivity and limited active sites provided on its surface. The morphology and structure of g-C3N4, including macro/micro morphology, crystal structure and electronic structure can affect its catalytic activity. Non-metallic heteroatom doping is considered as an effective method to tune the optical, electronic and other physicochemical properties of g-C3N4. Here, we synthesized non-metal-doped highly crystalline g-C3N4 by one-pot calcination method, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 such as mesoporous nature, reduced band gap, wide-range photousability, improved charge carrier recombination, and the electrical conductivity was improved. Hence, the use of low-power white-LED-light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm) and ultrasound (US) irradiation synergistically engendered the Methylene Blue (MB) mineralization efficiency elevated to 100% within 120 min by following the pseudo-first-order mechanism under the following condition (i.e., pH 11, 0.75 g L−1 of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4, 20 mg L−1 MB, 0.25 ml s−1 O2, and spontaneous raising temperature). In addition, the rapid removal of MB by sonophotocatalysis was 4 times higher than that of primary photocatalysis. And radical scavenging experiments showed that the maximum distribution of active species corresponds to superoxide radical $${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\cdot-}$$ O 2 · - . More importantly, the sonophotocatalytic degradation ability of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4 was remarkably sustained even after the sixth consecutive run.

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Highly Mesoporous g-C3N4 with Uniform Pore Size Distribution via the Template-Free Method to Enhanced Solar-Driven Tetracycline Degradation

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye pollutants using thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (TE–g–C3N4)

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye pollutants using thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (TE–g–C3N4)

Thermally exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )-based photocatalysts for the effective degradation of abundant textile dyes

Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C3N4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances

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