Highly Foldable and Efficient Paper‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Foldable paper‐based solar cells are attractive power sources for wearable and portable applications. Currently, low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and degradation under different folding conditions restrict practical applications of paper‐based solar cells. Herein are constructed solar cells on cellophane paper using oxide/ultrathin Ag/oxide (OMO) and perovskite as electrodes and absorbers, respectively. The perovskite solar cell (PSC) on cellophane exhibits a PCE of 13.19%, the highest among all the paper‐based solar cells. More importantly, beneficial from ultrathin cellophane substrates combined with foldable OMO electrodes, PSCs on paper exhibit 50 single folding and 10 dual folding stability: they preserve 85.3 and 84.1% of the initial PCE after −180° and +180° single folding for 50 cycles, respectively; and they remain 67.2 and 55.3% of the initial PCE after 10 inner and outer dual folding cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the solar cells after dual folding show serious cracks and delamination, leading to faster degradation than single folding. The highly efficient, foldable, and lightweight PSCs on cellophane are promising for future self‐powered paper‐based electronic applications.

Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotube‐Embedded Ultrathin Polyimide Conductor

“…Much effort has been devoted to the replacement of ITO with metal nanowire‐based composites, [ 14,15 ] polymer‐based electrodes, [ 12 ] and multi‐layered conductors. [ 16–18 ]…”

“…In conclusion, foldable PSCs were realized using SWNT transparent electrodes for the first time to the best of our knowledge. [ 17,18 ] The higher requirements of foldable electronics, which mandates harsh mechanical conditions of 0.5 mm bending (or folding) radius, were met by implementing an ultrathin MoO x ‐doped SWNT–PI matrix. The ultrathin SWNT–PI transparent conductor exhibited exceptional mechanical resilience, 7‐µm‐thinness, a smooth morphology, and a high DC‐to‐optical conductivity ratio.…”

Progress in Materials Development for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells and Future Prospects

“…Li et al prepared highly foldable PSCs utilizing cellophane paper substrate and oxide/ ultrathin Ag/oxide (OMO) as an electrode and achieved a PCE of 13.19 %, which is the highest among all paper-based solar cells with a high power density of 3.89 W g À 1 (Figure 8). [183] They measured the performance of the PSC when subjected to single folding with different angles, cycles, and dual folding. After single folding at À 180°and + 180°for 50 cycles, the fPSCs retained their 85.3 % and 84.1 % initial PCE, respectively.…”

Highly Flexible and Transparent Polylactic Acid Composite Electrode for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[ 7–9 ] Combined with low‐temperature process, flexible perovskite solar cells (F‐PSCs) exhibit great potential in the wearable electronics fields. [ 10–16 ]…”

“…[ 33 ] Song and co‐workers fabricated F‐PSCs with 13.19% of PCE based on flexible cellophane paper substrates and the F‐PSCs retained over 85% of the initial PCE after −180° and +180° single folding for 50 cycles. [ 11 ] In our previous works, we demonstrated ultra‐flexible electrodes derived from bamboo and silk, and further applied them into F‐PSCs. The devices exhibited excellent mechanical stability.…”