Highly Efficient Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Low-Temperature Processing

Hu, Hao; Wong, Ka Kan; Kollek, Tom; Hanusch, Fabian C.; Polarz, Sebastian; Docampo, Pablo; Schmidt‐Mende, Lukas

doi:10.3390/molecules21040542

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A thin layer of poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was first spin coated on the substrate. Perovskite layers were spin coated from a single precursor solution (one‐step method) and then dried using a vacuum‐assist method that resulted in the formation of smooth perovskite films. A 20 nm C 60 layer was thermally evaporated on the perovskite film to aid in electron extraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous‐Containing Precursor Solutions for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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Perovskite semiconductors have emerged as competitive candidates for photovoltaic applications due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the impact of moisture instability on perovskite films is still a key challenge for perovskite devices. While substantial effort is focused on preventing moisture interaction during the fabrication process, it is demonstrated that low moisture sensitivity, enhanced crystallization, and high performance can actually be achieved by exposure to high water content (up to 25 vol%) during fabrication with an aqueous‐containing perovskite precursor. The perovskite solar cells fabricated by this aqueous method show good reproducibility of high efficiency with average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.7% and champion PCE of 20.1% under solar simulation. This study shows that water–perovskite interactions do not necessarily negatively impact the perovskite film preparation process even at the highest efficiencies and that exposure to high contents of water can actually enable humidity tolerance during fabrication in air.

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confidence: 99%

Aqueous‐Containing Precursor Solutions for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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“…As the concentration of BCP is further increased to 2 mg/ml we have observed a reduction in the PV performance of the devices. BCP, Lithium fluoride (LiF) and Ca are widely used in literature as an interfacial layer [38]. They help to prevent the energy mismatch between cathode and electron transport layer and also to prevent the diffusion of cathode to the conducting under-layers, which may lead to recombination [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bathocuproine Concentration on the Photovoltaic Performance of NiOx-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Bathocuproine (BCP) (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) is a well-known material that is employed as a hole-blocking layer between electron transport layer (ETL) and metal electrode in perovskite solar cells. It has been demonstrated that the use of BCP as a buffer layer between the ETL and the metal electrode in perovskite solar cells is highly beneficial. In literature, BCP is coated using vacuum processing techniques. Vacuum processing techniques require more energy and cost-effective processing conditions. In this work, we used BCP layers processed through wet processing techniques using sol-gel method with different concentrations. We achieved a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.1 mA/cm2 and an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 875 mV were acquired and a fill factor (FF) of 0.37 was calculated for perovskite solar cells without a BCP layer leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.32 % whereas Jsc of 19 mA/cm2, Voc of 990 mV were achieved and a FF of 0.5 was calculated for perovskite solar cells employing BCP layers with concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and spin cast at 4000 rpm, leading to a PCE of 9.4 %. It has been observed that the use of a BCP layer with an optimized concentration led to an improved device performance with an increase of 77 % in PCE in ambient air under high humidity conditions for planar structure perovskite solar cells in the configuration of ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag. Resumen. Batocuproina (BCP) (2,9-dimetil-4,7-difenil-1,10-fenantrolina) es un material que se emplea como capa de bloqueo de huecos entre la capa transportadora de electrones (ETL) y el electrodo metálico en celdas solares basados en perovskitas. Se ha demostrado que el uso de BCP como capa amortiguadora entre el ETL y el electrodo metálico en las celdas solares de perovskita es beneficioso. Comúnmente el BCP se recubre mediante técnicas de procesamiento al vacío, las cuales requieren altos costos energéticos. En este trabajo utilizamos capas de BCP procesadas mediante técnicas de procesamiento húmedo utilizando el método sol-gel. Logramos una densidad de corriente de cortocircuito (Jsc) de 16.1 mA / cm2 y un voltaje de circuito abierto (Voc) de 875 mV y se calculó un factor de llenado (FF) de 0.37 para las celdas solares de perovskita sin una capa de BCP lo que conduce a una eficiencia de conversión de energía (PCE) de 5.32%. Para celdas solares de perovskita que emplean capas de BCP con concentración de 0.5 mg/ml y centrifugado a 4000 rpm el valor de Jsc fue de 19 mA / cm2, se lograron Voc de 990 mV y se calculó un FF de 0.5, lo que lleva a un PCE del 9,4%. Se observó que el uso de una capa de BCP con concentración optimizada puede conducir a un rendimiento mejorado del dispositivo con un aumento del 77% en PCE en el aire ambiente, en condiciones de alta humedad, para celdas solares de perovskita de estructura plana en la configuración de ITO / NiOx / MAPbI3 / PCBM / BCP / Ag.

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“…Moreover, the LiF layer protects the underneath layers when the silver is deposited on top. [76] Chen and co-workers fabricated PSCs with the structure ITO/ NiO x /MAPbI 3 /PCBM/MAcac/Ag (Figure 47) to investigate the impact of the metal acetylacetonates on the performance and stability of the devices. [153a] They found a remarkable performance enhancement, being the best PCE device achieved with ZrAcac buffer layer.…”

Section: Buffer Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the end, maintaining the architecture, the group optimized the PbI 2 thickness by the TD‐VSD and obtained a solar cell with a PCE of 11.77%. Hu et al [ 76 ] obtained a compact and pinhole‐free perovskite layer in devices with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/C 60 /LiF/Ag by accelerating the crystallization process through a vacuum‐assisted one‐step solution method (VAOS). In this method, a mixed‐halide perovskite solution is spin‐coated on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrates in the glove box with less than 5 ppm moisture level.…”

Section: Perovskite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%