Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women

Jennings, Amy; Welch, Ailsa; Fairweather-Tait, S. J.; Kay, Colin D.; Minihane, Anne‐Marie; Chowienczyk, Phil; Jiang, Benyu; Cecelja, Marina; Spector, Tim D.; Macgregor, Alexander; Cassidy, Aedín

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.042036

Cited by 225 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Cardioprotective mechanisms for flavonoids have been proposed, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, modulation of lipid metabolism and platelet function, and attenuation of hypertension (9). Consistent with these biological effects, epidemiologic studies to date suggest a protective effect of flavonoids against CHD mortality (10,11), incident CHD (12,13), and other outcomes relevant to CHD such as arterial stiffness, incident hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, as well as improved long-term weight maintenance (14)(15)(16)(17). However, to our knowledge, no published studies that examined flavonoids and incident CHD enrolled a racially diverse participant population and only one study in the United States was geographically diverse (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Dietary flavonoid intake and incident coronary heart disease: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Goetz¹,

Judd

Safford

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Flavonoids are dietary polyphenolic compounds with a variety of proposed beneficial cardiovascular effects, but rigorous prospective studies that examine the association between flavonoid intake and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in geographically and racially diverse US samples are limited. Objective: With the use of the new, expanded USDA flavonoid database, we assessed the association between total flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intakes with incident CHD in a biracial and geographically diverse cohort, as well as effect modification by age, sex, race, and region of residence. Design: Participants were 16,678 black and white men and women enrolled in the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study, a national prospective cohort study. All participants were without CHD at baseline, and all completed a Block98 food-frequency questionnaire. Flavonoid intakes were estimated from USDA flavonoid databases, which were recently improved to address missing values for cooked foods and to adjust for flavonoid losses due to processing. Incident CHD events were participant reported and adjudicated by experts. Quintiles of flavonoid intake were examined as predictors of incident CHD by using Cox proportional hazards regression to obtain HRs. Tests for trend used the quintile medians. Results: Over a mean 6 SD follow-up of 6.0 6 1.9 y, 589 CHD events occurred. High flavonoid intake was associated with selfidentified white race, exercise, not smoking, more education, and higher income. In models that adjusted for sociodemographic, health behavior, and dietary factors, there was an inverse association between anthocyanidin and proanthocyanidin intakes and incident CHD (HRs for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1-anthocyanidins: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.98; P-trend = 0.04; proanthocyanidins: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.84; P-trend = 0.02). There was no association between total flavonoid or other flavonoid subclass intakes and incident CHD. Conclusions: Reported anthocyanidin and proanthocyanidin intakes were inversely associated with incident CHD. There was no significant effect modification by age, sex, race, or region of residence.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:1236-44.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Dietary flavonoid intake and incident coronary heart disease: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Goetz¹,

Judd

Safford

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Proposed cardioprotective mechanisms for flavonoids include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, modulation of lipid metabolism and platelet function, and attenuation of hypertension (2). Consistent with proposed biological mechanisms, results from epidemiologic studies suggest a protective effect for flavonoids against cardiovascular disease mortality (1, 3, 4), incident coronary heart disease (5,6), and incident stroke (7), as well as other indicators of cardiovascular risk, such as arterial stiffness, incident hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (8)(9)(10)(11). Although dietary flavonoid research has progressed over the past decade, existing literature is limited by incomplete dietary flavonoid information and lack of geographic and racial/ethnic diversity of studied populations, especially in the context of incident stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Flavanone Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Goetz

Judd

Hartman

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Prior to randomisation to dietary intervention group, the geometric mean for estimated anthocyanidin intakes in the CRESSIDA study population was 18 mg/d, 95 % CI 15, 21 (arithmetic mean 27 mg/d, interquartile range 10, 35; ML Castro-Acosta and WL Hall, unpublished results). Mean estimates from FFQ and 24-h recalls in adult populations from different countries vary from 0·04 (food intake data from five major population nutrition surveys in Fiji) (19) to 215 mg/d (20) , but with the majority of reports ranging between 18 and 43 mg/d (13,18,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) .…”

Section: Main Sources and Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Berries and anthocyanins: promising functional food ingredients with postprandial glycaemia-lowering effects

et al. 2016

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is predicted to reach unprecedented levels in the next few decades. In addition to excess body weight, there may be other overlapping dietary drivers of impaired glucose homeostasis that are associated with an obesogenic diet, such as regular exposure to postprandial spikes in blood glucose arising from diets dominated by highly refined starches and added sugars. Strategies to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia by optimising the functionality of foods would strengthen efforts to reduce the risk of T2D. Berry bioactives, including anthocyanins, are recognised for their inhibitory effects on carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. Regular consumption of berries has been associated with a reduction in the risk of T2D. This review aims to examine the evidence fromin vitro, animal and human studies, showing that berries and berry anthocyanins may act in the gut to modulate postprandial glycaemia. Specifically, berry extracts and anthocyanins inhibit the activities of pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the gut lumen, and interact with intestinal sugar transporters, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and GLUT2, to reduce the rate of glucose uptake into the circulation. Growing evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that berry extracts, purées and nectars acutely inhibit postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia following oral carbohydrate loads. Evidence to date presents a sound basis for exploring the potential for using berries/berry extracts as an additional stratagem to weight loss, adherence to dietary guidelines and increasing physical exercise, for the prevention of T2D.

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Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women

Cited by 225 publications

References 46 publications

Dietary flavonoid intake and incident coronary heart disease: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Dietary flavonoid intake and incident coronary heart disease: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Flavanone Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Berries and anthocyanins: promising functional food ingredients with postprandial glycaemia-lowering effects

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