High temperature wear and friction properties of duplex surface treated bearing steels

Taktak, Sukru; Ulker, Sukru; Güneş, İbrahim

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.12.015

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The coatings are produced by various techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), plasma assisted CVD (PACVD) or plasma assisted PVD (PAPVD) [3,4]. Other duplex processes, such as using thermo-reactive diffusion techniques, chromizing, and nitriding, have also been studied in the literature [5][6][7]. All of these technological processes can be applied to carbides, nitrides, oxides and/or boride hard coatings on various steels and/or other substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Beliardouh¹,

Nouveau²,

Walock³

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. The objective of this work is to study the improvement of the tribological properties of low alloy steel using a duplex treatment of low pressure carburizing and the deposition of a Cr-(WC-Co) coating by dual RF magnetron sputtering. The treatments result in a 500 μm thick carburized layer and a sputtered coating thickness of~2 μm. Tribological tests were made with a ball-on-disk tribometer under dry conditions with low load and low speed. The worn surfaces of the disk, the wear counterpart, and resulting debris were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, optical profilometry, and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The wear performance of the samples was evaluated in terms of wear rates and friction coefficients during the sliding processes against two different counterparts. Experimental results have shown that sliding wear, of the investigated duplex treated low alloy steels, is strongly dependent on the counterface materials. Under testing conditions, the overall wear performance of a Cr-WC coating (Cr/W ratio of 1.12:1) deposited onto the surface of a carburized low alloy steel (0.61 wt.% C; HV = 654 ± 5) can be recommended as the best. The duplex-treated samples suffered severe, concentrated wear when against alumina. This wear is characterized by a combination of delamination, mild abrasion and oxidative wear. However, the wear mechanism seems to be oxidative and adhesive when against WC balls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Beliardouh¹,

Nouveau²,

Walock³

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Furthermore, thermoreactive deposition (TRD) and plasma nitriding (PN) are more widely used for mass production to increase wear resistance [2][3][4][5]. In addition, studies on surface treatment using multicoating techniques [6][7][8][9][10] and multilayer formation have been conducted to improve bonding strength and wear resistance [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer-Forming Behavior of Cr Nitrides and Carbides for Thermoreactive Deposition

Park

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Metals

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The effect of a nitride layer on the forming behavior of CrN and (Cr, Fe) 7 C 3 multilayers for thermoreactive deposition (TRD) was investigated. Plasma nitriding followed by TRD (PN-TRD) produced a larger coating thickness than the case of direct TRD with no plasma nitriding. For PN-TRD, an Fe 2-3 N layer of 10 µm in thickness was produced on AISI 52100 steels using plasma nitriding, followed by TRD using a mixed powder composed of 30 wt % Cr, 2 wt % NH 4 Cl, and 68 wt % Al 2 O 3 . During TRD at 800 • C, a CrN layer of 2 µm in thickness was formed along with a thin layer of mixed carbide (Cr 7 C 3 ) and nitride (CrN) on top. As the deposition temperature was increased to 950 • C, a new layer of Cr 7 C 3 was formed underneath the outermost layer composed of mixed Cr 7 C 3 and CrN. At 950 • C, a Cr-rich zone indicated a thickness of~7 µm. As the deposition time increased to 3 h at 950 • C, a new layer of (Cr, Fe) 7 C 3 was produced at the interface between the CrN formed at 800 • C and the base metal. This layer formed because of the abundant resources of Cr and C provided from the TRD powder and base metal, respectively. The multilayer and interface were concretely filled without the formation of voids as the TRD time increased to 6 h at 950 • C. The TRD process on a pre-nitrided layer was successfully applied to produce multilayers of CrN and Cr 7 C 3 .coating surface was deflected at the interface between the layers. However, PVD has the disadvantages of high cost and low adhesion compared to other coating technologies, such as CVD and TRD. CVD also has many process variables and a complicated device configuration. By contrast, TRD has the advantages of excellent bonding strength, simple equipment, and capability of mass production. TRD coating is performed in a heat treatment furnace at 800-1250 • C using carbonitride-forming powders, such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. There are several process techniques incorporating salt baths, fluidized beds, and pack cementation [16]. In the surface treatment based on TRD, factors affecting the growth of the coating layer include temperature, time, powder composition, and base metal. The longer the time, the thicker the coating layer becomes, and the higher the temperature, the more the growth is promoted. The composition of the powder depends on the ratio of the mixed powders and the catalyst used [16][17][18][19][20][21]. To form a carbide, it is necessary for the base metal to contain at least 0.3 wt % C [18,22], and the carbide thickness becomes thicker as the C content increases [20,23]. Therefore, a multilayer having high hardness formed using TRD is more likely to be applied to the material that requires wear resistance, than that by PVD and CVD.In this study, we applied PN to increase the nitrogen content of the base material and a Cr-carbonitride multilayer with high hardness, corrosion, and wear resistance was formed on high-carbon steel through TRD coating [24,25]. In the TRD process, the integrity of the coating layer and ...

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“…During the past decades, the ceramic coatings have been used for increasing the lifetime of forming tools, cutting tools and machine components [4][5] . These layers are mainly constituted by borides, carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of transition metals [4][5][6][7] . Ceramic coatings of titanium compounds (TiN, TiC, and TiCN) are generally used for this purpose [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Multicomponent Chromium Carbide Coatings Using a Non-Conventional Source of Chromium and Silicon with Micro-Additions of Boron

et al. 2017

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The chromium carbide coatings are widely used in the mechanical industry due to its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this work, we evaluated a new source of chromium and silicon with micro-additions of boron on the deposition of multi-component coatings of chromium carbides in W108 steel. The coatings were obtained by the pack cementation method, using a simultaneous deposition at 1000 o C for 4h. The coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, optical microscopy, microhardness test method and pin-on-disc wear test. It was found that the coatings formed on W108 steel were mainly constituted by (Cr,Fe) 23 C 6 , (Cr,Fe) 7 C 3 , Cr 5-x Si 3-x C x+z , Cr 3 B 0,44 C 1,4 and (or) Cr 7 BC 4 . The carbide layers showed thicknesses between 14 and 15 µm and maximum values of microhardness between 15.8 and 18.8 GPa. Also, the micro-additions of boron to the mixtures showed statistically significant influence on the thickness, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of the carbide coatings.

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High temperature wear and friction properties of duplex surface treated bearing steels

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Multilayer-Forming Behavior of Cr Nitrides and Carbides for Thermoreactive Deposition

Deposition of Multicomponent Chromium Carbide Coatings Using a Non-Conventional Source of Chromium and Silicon with Micro-Additions of Boron

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