High-Speed Electron Microscopy

Campbell, Geoffrey H.; McKeown, Joseph T.; Santala, Melissa K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00069-1_8

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Additionally, the sample is illuminated with a laser pulse referred to as the sample pump beam, with a controlled delay time relative to the electron probe pulse. [288][289][290]308,309 In both single-shot and stroboscopic mode, the TEM column is modified to allow the time-resolved laser access to both electron gun and specimen. However, the employed laser system in single-shot mode and stroboscopic modes are significantly different.…”

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of time-resolved TEM is directly linked to instrumentation advances over the past decade. One major breakthrough in the development of time-resolved TEM came with the use of ultrashort pulsed laser sources enabling sub-nanometer/femtosecond spatiotemporal resolution. − In addition, time-resolved TEM has benefited significantly from the same instrumental advances discussed in the previous sections (aberration correctors, direct electron detectors). Understanding the dynamics of involved elementary processes down to the atomic and molecular level had been impossible before the early 2000s and the pioneering work of O. Bastanjoglo at TU Berlin …”

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time-resolved TEM can be considered as a direct extension of conventional TEM with expanded capabilities into the time domain, allowing for analysis of ultrafast structural dynamics and transformations with sub-nm spatial resolution and ps-fs time scale. − ,− Time-resolved TEM enables the identification of intermediate states that occur during complex transitions thereby providing the basis for a solid understanding of fast dynamics, e.g., the displacement of atoms and formation of individual structural point defects through irreversible atomic-bond breakages . “Exactly like someone would ask a magician to slow down his movements and break them into a sequence of elementary gestures to understand a card trick, electron microscopists have long dreamed of being able to excite samples and acquire images, diffraction patterns, or energy spectra after a controllable delay to elucidate their dynamics.”–Arnaud Arbouet, Giuseppe M. Caruso, Florent Houdellier .…”

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synchronized electron pulses are accelerated in the electron microscope column and probe the sample. Additionally, the sample is illuminated with a laser pulse referred to as the sample pump beam, with a controlled delay time relative to the electron probe pulse. − ,, …”

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Moradifar,

Liu,

Shi

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Quantum materials are driving a technology revolution in sensing, communication, and computing, while simultaneously testing many core theories of the past century. Materials such as topological insulators, complex oxides, superconductors, quantum dots, color center-hosting semiconductors, and other types of strongly correlated materials can exhibit exotic properties such as edge conductivity, multiferroicity, magnetoresistance, superconductivity, single photon emission, and optical-spin locking. These emergent properties arise and depend strongly on the material’s detailed atomic-scale structure, including atomic defects, dopants, and lattice stacking. In this review, we describe how progress in the field of electron microscopy (EM), including in situ and in operando EM, can accelerate advances in quantum materials and quantum excitations. We begin by describing fundamental EM principles and operation modes. We then discuss various EM methods such as (i) EM spectroscopies, including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and electron energy gain spectroscopy (EEGS); (ii) four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM); (iii) dynamic and ultrafast EM (UEM); (iv) complementary ultrafast spectroscopies (UED, XFEL); and (v) atomic electron tomography (AET). We describe how these methods could inform structure–function relations in quantum materials down to the picometer scale and femtosecond time resolution, and how they enable precision positioning of atomic defects and high-resolution manipulation of quantum materials. For each method, we also describe existing limitations to solve open quantum mechanical questions, and how they might be addressed to accelerate progress. Among numerous notable results, our review highlights how EM is enabling identification of the 3D structure of quantum defects; measuring reversible and metastable dynamics of quantum excitations; mapping exciton states and single photon emission; measuring nanoscale thermal transport and coupled excitation dynamics; and measuring the internal electric field and charge density distribution of quantum heterointerfaces- all at the quantum materials’ intrinsic atomic and near atomic-length scale. We conclude by describing open challenges for the future, including achieving stable sample holders for ultralow temperature (below 10K) atomic-scale spatial resolution, stable spectrometers that enable meV energy resolution, and high-resolution, dynamic mapping of magnetic and spin fields. With atomic manipulation and ultrafast characterization enabled by EM, quantum materials will be poised to integrate into many of the sustainable and energy-efficient technologies needed for the 21st century.

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Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploring Reversible and Metastable Dynamics Of Quantum Exci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Moradifar,

Liu,

Shi

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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show abstract

“…Going to cryo temperatures, however, does not solve other problems such as observing chemical reactions under reaction conditions. Although the ultrafast electron microscopy method (Zewail, 2010; Campbell et al, 2019) has not achieved atomic-resolution yet, future successful advances in developing atomic-resolution ultrafast electron microscopy would allow us to examine chemical reactions on solid surfaces with significantly suppressed electron-beam-induced effects, to study crystal nucleation and growth processes in liquid environments, to measure atomic diffusion processes at desired sample temperatures, or to explore the atomic configurations of biological molecules and how they control the functions of biological systems. The arrival of atomic-resolution femtosecond or attosecond electron microscopy (if it is achievable) will unlock the mysteries of the dynamic world of matter.…”

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Applications of Atomic-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Liu

2021

Microsc Microanal

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Although scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of individual heavy atoms were reported 50 years ago, the applications of atomic-resolution STEM imaging became wide spread only after the practical realization of aberration correctors on field-emission STEM/TEM instruments to form sub-Ångstrom electron probes. The innovative designs and advances of electron optical systems, the fundamental understanding of electron–specimen interaction processes, and the advances in detector technology all played a major role in achieving the goal of atomic-resolution STEM imaging of practical materials. It is clear that tremendous advances in computer technology and electronics, image acquisition and processing algorithms, image simulations, and precision machining synergistically made atomic-resolution STEM imaging routinely accessible. It is anticipated that further hardware/software development is needed to achieve three-dimensional atomic-resolution STEM imaging with single-atom chemical sensitivity, even for electron-beam-sensitive materials. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big-data science are expected to significantly enhance the impact of STEM and associated techniques on many research fields such as materials science and engineering, quantum and nanoscale science, physics and chemistry, and biology and medicine. This review focuses on advances of STEM imaging from the invention of the field-emission electron gun to the realization of aberration-corrected and monochromated atomic-resolution STEM and its broad applications.

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The Development of Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

et al. 2020

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Time-resolved electron microscopy is based on the excitation of a sample by pulsed laser radiation and its probing by synchronized photoelectron bunches in the electron microscope column. With femtosecond lasers, if probing pulses with a small number of electrons—in the limit, single-electron wave packets—are used, the stroboscopic regime enables ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution to be obtained, which is not restricted by the Coulomb repulsion of electrons. This review article presents the current state of the ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) method for detecting the structural dynamics of matter in the time range from picoseconds to attoseconds. Moreover, in the imaging mode, the spatial resolution lies, at best, in the subnanometer range, which limits the range of observation of structural changes in the sample. The ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), which created the methodological basis for the development of UEM, has opened the possibility of creating molecular movies that show the behavior of the investigated quantum system in the space-time continuum with details of sub-Å spatial resolution. Therefore, this review on the development of UEM begins with a description of the main achievements of UED, which formed the basis for the creation and further development of the UEM method. A number of recent experiments are presented to illustrate the potential of the UEM method.

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High-Speed Electron Microscopy

Cited by 3 publications

References 180 publications

Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Advances and Applications of Atomic-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

The Development of Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

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