High-sensitivity crossed-resonator laser apparatus for improved tests of Lorentz invariance and of space-time fluctuations

Chen, Q.; Magoulakis, E.; Schiller, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.022003

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These limits are weaker than our previous measurements [6,23], but are here established from data at significantly lower Fourier frequencies, f 1 µHz.…”

Section: Fig 1: (Color Online)contrasting

confidence: 40%

Resonator with Ultrahigh Length Stability as a Probe for Equivalence-Principle-Violating Physics

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to investigate the long-term dimensional stability of matter, we have operated an optical resonator fabricated from crystalline silicon at 1.5 K continuously for over one year and repeatedly compared its resonance frequency fres with the frequency of a GPS-monitored hydrogen maser. After allowing for an initial settling time, over a 163-day interval we found a mean fractional drift magnitude |f −1 res dfres/dt| < 1.4 × 10 −20 /s. The resonator frequency is determined by the physical length and the speed of light, and we measure it with respect to the atomic unit of time. Thus, the bound rules out, to first order, a hypothetical differential effect of the universe's expansion on rulers and atomic clocks. We also constrain a hypothetical violation of the principle of Local Position Invariance for resonator-based clocks and derive bounds for the strength of space-time fluctuations.In this paper we address experimentally the question about the intrinsic time-stability of the length of a macroscopic solid body. This question is related to the question about time-variation of the fundamental constants and effects of the expansion of the universe on local experiments. It may be hypothesized that, in violation of the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EP), the expansion affects the length of a block of solid matter and atomic energies to a different degree. The length, defined by a multiple of an interatomic spacing, can be measured by clocking the propagation time of an electromagnetic wave across it. This procedure effectively implements the Einstein light clock, or, in modern parlance, an electromagnetic resonator. The hypothetical differential effect would show up as a time-drift of the ratio of the frequency f res of an electromagnetic resonator and of an atomic (or molecular) transition (f atomic ). A resonator and an atom are dissimilar in the sense that the former's resonance frequency intrinsically involves the propagation of an electromagnetic wave, while the latter does not. Specifically, the time-drift would violate the principle of Local Position Invariance (LPI) of EP. The natural scale of an effect due to cosmological expansion, here the fractional drift rate The suitable regime in which to investigate the dimensional stability of matter is at cryogenic temperature, when the thermal expansion coefficient and the thermal energy content of matter are minimized. Ideally, during the cooling down and then permanence at cryogenic temperature, a stable energy minimum of the solid is reached. The expected high dimensional stability and the magnitude of H 0 lead to a challenging measurement problem: how to resolve tiny length changes, and how to suppress the influence of extrinsic disturbances. The problem can be addressed by casting the solid matter into an electromagnetic resonator of appropriate shape, by supporting it appropriately, and by measuring its resonance frequency using atomic time-keeping and frequency metrology instruments, which indeed permit ultra-high measurement precision and accur...

show abstract

“…These limits are weaker than our previous measurements [6,23], but are here established from data at significantly lower Fourier frequencies, f 1 µHz.…”

Section: Fig 1: (Color Online)contrasting

confidence: 40%

Resonator with Ultrahigh Length Stability as a Probe for Equivalence-Principle-Violating Physics

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The value of φ = 52 degrees was also fixed to reproduce the average latitude of the laboratories in Berlin and Düsseldorf. For a laser frequency of 2.8 • 10 14 Hz [51], the interval ±3.5 • 10 −15 of these dimensionless amplitudes corresponds to a random instantaneous frequency shift ∆ν in the typical range of ±1 Hz, as in our Figure 9.…”

Section: A Closer Look At Experiments and Numerical Simulations Of The Signalmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…, which is about 1000 times larger. This 10 −15 magnitude is found with vacuum resonators [46][47][48][49][50][51] made of different materials and operating at room temperature and/or in the cryogenic regime, as well as in the most precise experiment ever performed in a solid dielectric [25]. As such, it could hardly be interpreted as a spurious effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…To understand the magnitude of the signal, we have compared with Figure 9a of [47] and Figure 4 [51]. These give the idea of a very irregular ∆ν with a typical magnitude in the range of ±1 Hz; see our Figure 9.…”

Section: Modern Experiments With Optical Resonators 71 Basic Aspects Of Present Experiments In Vacuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a more quantitative analysis, we considered the result of [51] for the average variation in the frequency shift over 1 s; see their Figure 3, bottom part. This corresponds to a Root Square of the Allan Variance (RAV) of about 0.24 Hz, or 8.5 • 10 −16 at a fractional level.…”

Section: A Closer Look At Experiments and Numerical Simulations Of The Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The CMB, Preferred Reference System, and Dragging of Light in the Earth Frame

Consoli

Pluchino

2021

Universe

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dominant CMB dipole anisotropy is a Doppler effect due to a particular motion of the solar system with a velocity of 370 km/s. Since this derives from peculiar motions and local inhomogeneities, one could meaningfully consider a fundamental frame of rest Σ associated with the Universe as a whole. From the group properties of Lorentz transformations, two observers, individually moving within Σ, would still be connected by the relativistic composition rules. However, the ultimate implications could be substantial. Physical interpretation is thus traditionally demanded in order to correlate some of the dragging of light observed in the laboratory with the direct CMB observations. Today, the small residuals—from those of Michelson–Morley to present experiments with optical resonators—are just considered instrumental artifacts. However, if the velocity of light in the interferometers is not the same parameter “c” of Lorentz transformations, nothing would prevent a non-zero dragging. Furthermore, the observable effects would be much smaller than what is classically expected and would most likely be of an irregular nature. We review an alternative reading of experiments that leads to remarkable correlations with the CMB observations. Notably, we explain the irregular 10−15 fractional frequency shift presently measured with optical resonators operating in vacuum and solid dielectrics. For integration times of about 1 s and a typical Central European latitude, we also predict daily variations of the Allan variance in the range (5÷12)·10−16.

show abstract

Searches for New Physics

Safronova

2023

Springer Handbooks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-sensitivity crossed-resonator laser apparatus for improved tests of Lorentz invariance and of space-time fluctuations

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Resonator with Ultrahigh Length Stability as a Probe for Equivalence-Principle-Violating Physics

Resonator with Ultrahigh Length Stability as a Probe for Equivalence-Principle-Violating Physics

The CMB, Preferred Reference System, and Dragging of Light in the Earth Frame

Searches for New Physics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About