High resolution pore size analysis in metallic powders by X-ray tomography

Heim, K.; Bernier, Fabrice; Pelletier, Roger; Lefebvre, Louis Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.csndt.2016.09.002

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Özellikle, literatür araştırması sırasında eklemeli imalatın önemi, ülkemiz endüstrisinde hangi sektörlere girebileceği ve yaygınlaşması, ülkemizin polimer esaslı eklemeli imalatta nispeten mesafe kattetiği ancak metal eklemeli imalat makinalarının ve titanyum, inconel, paslanmaz çelik gibi tozların üretiminde dışa bağlılığın giderilmesi gerektiği ile ilgili sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile aşağıda sıralanan bazı sonuçlara da ulaşılmıştır: boyut dağılımın tayini,( The particle size distribution with laser diffraction) c) XRD ile partikül kafes parametresinin araştırılması, (Investigation of the particle lattice parameter with XRD) d) SEM ile toz üretim yöntemine göre partikül oluşumlarının araştırılması,( Investigation of particle formation according to powder manufacturing method by SEM) e) Hall akış analizi ile akış karakterinin tayini,(Determination of flow character by Hall flow analysis) f) Toz partikülünde spektral analiz (Spectral analysis in powder particle) [43][44][45][46][47] santrifüj atomizasyon yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı; bunlardan gaz atomizasyon yönteminin eklemeli imalata toz sağlamada daha elverişliği olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, eklemeli imalat sonrası tozların geri dönüşümünün mümkün olduğu ve geri dönüştürülen tozların sınırlı tekrarlama ile kullanılabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.…”

Section: Sonuçlar (Results)unclassified

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Toz Yataklı/Beslemeli Eklemeli İmalatta Kullanılan Partiküllerin Uygunluk Araştırması ve Partikül İmalat Yöntemleri

2019

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Bu makaleye şu şekilde atıfta bulunabilirsiniz(To cite to this article): Karakılınç U., Yalçın B. ve Ergene B., "Toz yataklı/beslemeli eklemeli imalatta kullanılan partiküllerin uygunluk araştırması ve partikül imalat yöntemleri", Politeknik Dergisi, 22(4): 801-810, (2019).Erişim linki (To link to this article): http://dergipark.org.tr/politeknik/archive ÖZ Toz metalürjisi (TM); seramik ve metal esaslı partiküllerin preslenmesi ve sinterlenmesi ile endüstriyel parça imalatı olarak bilinmekte ancak; lazer, makine, tasarım ve yazılım teknolojilerinin bir araya getirildiği eklemeli imalat yöntemi olarak adlandırılan yeni bir teknolojiyi bünyesine almıştır. Günümüz eklemeli imalat teknolojisi ile, polimer, seramik ve metal esaslı malzemelerin partikül (toz), tel, plaka/sac ve eriyik formları uygun şartlarda lazer, elektron ve ultraviyole ışınları kullanılarak katmanlı bir şekilde kullanışlı prototip ve/veya endüstriyel parça imalatı mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, özellikle toz yataklı/beslemeli eklemeli imalat yöntemleri, bu yöntemlerde kullanılan partiküllerin karakterleri ve toz imalat yöntemleri ile ilgili literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan bu literatür araştırmasında, partikül tane boyutunun, şeklinin, fiziksel özelliklerinin ve kimyasal saflığının, toz yataklı/beslemeli eklemeli imalat ile elde edilen ürünlerin özelliklerine etkisi ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. ABSTRACTPowder metallurgy (P/M) is known as an industrial part manufacturing by powder pressing and sintering using ceramic and metal based particulars, but, P/M method has incorperated the additive manufacturing as a new method which is combined in technologies of laser, machine, design and software. The manufacturing of prototype and/or useful industrial parts has become possible as layer upon layer with today's additive manufacturing technology by using suitable laser, electron and ultraviolet beam in form of powder, wire, sheet and melt from polymer, ceramic and metal based materials. The literature survey has been done about the powder bed/feed additive manufacturing methods, the powder characterizations used in these methods and powder manufacturing methods in this study. In addition, the effect of dimension, shape, physical properties, and chemical purity of powders on the product properties manufactured by powder bed/feed additive manufacturing can be expressed with respect of investigations in the literature.

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Section: Sonuçlar (Results)unclassified

“…Ayrıca, düz ve disk şekline sahip büyük gözeneklerin yapım yönüne dik yönde geliştiğini ortaya koymuşlardır. Toz karakterizasyonu ile ilgili yapılan bazı analiz çalışmaları Şekil 6' da verilmiştir [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Gi̇ri̇ş (Introduction)unclassified

Toz Yataklı/Beslemeli Eklemeli İmalatta Kullanılan Partiküllerin Uygunluk Araştırması ve Partikül İmalat Yöntemleri

2019

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“…The analysis of metal powders has recently become possible using high-resolution microCT, as demonstrated in Refs. 92,93 The usefulness of this over conventional laser diffraction or microscopy is primarily that internal pores can be easily identified in powders, which might be trapped in the meltpool during the AM process. 45 It is also the only method through which the real sphericity, volume, and surface areas of particles can be determined, which can all be important parameters for ensuring flowability and eventually quality of the powder bed.…”

Section: Powder Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications

Plessis

Yadroitsev

Yadroitsava

et al. 2018

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

382

147

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X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) has become an established method of testing and analyzing additively manufactured parts in recent years, being especially useful and accurate for dimensional measurement and porosity analysis. While this nondestructive analysis method is gaining traction among additive manufacturing (AM) researchers and engineers, the capabilities of the method are not yet fully appreciated and are still being developed. This review aims to summarize the many diverse ways this technique has been applied to AM, including new and specialized applications. Examples are shown of many of these newly developed methods, while also discussing the practicality and limitations of each. The review ends with perspectives on the most time-and cost-effective ways to make use of microCT for various AM applications from R&D up to industrial production, with suggestions for scan strategies for different types of analyses.

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“…Since the determination of particle shape is highly complex, it has to be characterized in three dimensions for maximum information [16]. Computed tomography is a common tool for volumetric powder characterization [17]. It allows gaining more statistical information (e.g., number of particles), compared with 2D imaging techniques such as microscopic analysis [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synchrotron X-ray CT (SXCT) is a perfect tool for the characterization of AM powder particles due to its high resolution and fewer image artifacts compared with lab-CT [18]. By applying image processing on CT data [17], different size parameters and shape factors of powder particles can be calculated [19]. One of the critical points for powder characterization is porosity, since it can be transferred into the part and decrease its quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Shape Analysis of Powder for Laser Beam Melting by Synchrotron X-ray CT

Thiede

Mishurova

Evsevleev

et al. 2019

QuBS

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The quality of components made by laser beam melting (LBM) additive manufacturing is naturally influenced by the quality of the powder bed. A packing density <1 and porosity inside the powder particles lead to intrinsic voids in the powder bed. Since the packing density is determined by the particle size and shape distribution, the determination of these properties is of significant interest to assess the printing process. In this work, the size and shape distribution, the amount of the particle’s intrinsic porosity, as well as the packing density of micrometric powder used for LBM, have been investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT). Two different powder batches were investigated: Ti–6Al–4V produced by plasma atomization and stainless steel 316L produced by gas atomization. Plasma atomization particles were observed to be more spherical in terms of the mean anisotropy compared to particles produced by gas atomization. The two kinds of particles were comparable in size according to the equivalent diameter. The packing density was lower (i.e., the powder bed contained more voids in between particles) for the Ti–6Al–4V particles. The comparison of the tomographic results with laser diffraction, as another particle size measurement technique, proved to be in agreement.

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High resolution pore size analysis in metallic powders by X-ray tomography

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Toz Yataklı/Beslemeli Eklemeli İmalatta Kullanılan Partiküllerin Uygunluk Araştırması ve Partikül İmalat Yöntemleri

Toz Yataklı/Beslemeli Eklemeli İmalatta Kullanılan Partiküllerin Uygunluk Araştırması ve Partikül İmalat Yöntemleri

X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications

3D Shape Analysis of Powder for Laser Beam Melting by Synchrotron X-ray CT

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