High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Men During Routine Outpatient Visits in the Netherlands

Abstract

High-risk sexual behavior was very common, and 16% of HIV-infected MSM in HIV care had an asymptomatic STI, mostly anal CT and syphilis. Development of STI screening guidelines is recommended.

A Systematic Review Study on Prevalence, Determinants, and Risk Factors of HIV/AIDS among Pacific Countries

“…In this study, the results showed the prevalence of HIV among Pacific islanders diagnosed with HIV ranges from 1% to 14%. This prevalence is very low as compared with what is observed among MSM [16] but is considered high as it is indicates suboptimum access to health care [17]. However, this is consistent with a study done in Iran (7.14 to 15.95%) in 2010 and South Africa (12.2%) in 2012 [11] [18].…”

Australian sexually transmissible infection and HIV testing guidelines for asymptomatic men who have sex with men 2014: a review of the evidence

“…Overseas, among MSM attending clinics for HIV care, a 13-16% prevalence of STI coinfection has been identified, 158,166,167 with an STI incidence of up to 20 per 100 PY 166,167 and the majority of chlamydia and gonorrhoea being detected at nongenital sites. Independent risk factors for other STIs in these clinic-based studies included younger age, higher numbers of sexual partners, polysubstance use, sharing of sex toys with a sexual partner and enema use.…”

“…137,158,[165][166][167][168][169] Although HCV has emerged as a STI that is largely confined to HIV-positive MSM, and gonorrhoea and chlamydia are frequently identified, 166 syphilis appears to be the most commonly reported STI coinfection among those with HIV. 159,170 Nonetheless, STI testing rates for nongenital gonorrhoea, chlamydia 171,172 and syphilis 173 in MSM with HIV infection remain below recommended levels.…”

“…157 Identified risk factors for syphilis in MSM with HIV are fisting, rimming, the use of anal sex toys, unprotected oral sex, multiple sexual partners and group sex. [158][159][160] Mathematical modelling in Australia indicates testing high-risk MSM who report more than 10 partners per year and/or group sex (or both) every 3 months will substantially reduce the incidence and, subsequently, the prevalence of syphilis; in fact, more so than increasing the coverage of annual syphilis testing. 160,161 MSM at are high risk of reinfection following a syphilis diagnosis.…”

An Event-Level Comparison of Risk-Related Sexual Practices Between Black and Other-Race Men Who Have Sex with Men: Condoms, Semen, Lubricant, and Rectal Douching

“…18 Moreover, documentation of condom use often relies on aggregate retrospective self-reports, which have proven vulnerable to distortion, with MSM more commonly underestimating than overestimating unprotected PAI. 19 Additionally, Black MSM's participation in other behavioral practices known or suspected to influence vulnerability to HIV and other STIs, including lubricant use [20][21][22][23][24] and precoital rectal douching or enema use, [25][26][27][28][29][30] has received insufficient attention in the literature.…”