High Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among Particleboard Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Asgedom, Akeza Awealom; Bråtveit, Magne; Moen, Bente E.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16122158

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Particles with the size ≤0.08 mm settle very slowly or do not settle at all (<10µm) and predominate in contaminated air. These particles are dangerous for humans due to their ability to penetrate deep into the airways, including the lung alveoli [26][27][28]. According to some authors, wood dust is more dangerous that formaldehyde [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Očkajová

Kučerka

Kminiak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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During production, thermally modified wood is processed using the same machining operations as unmodified wood. Machining wood is always accompanied with the creation of dust particles. The smaller they become, the more hazardous they are. Employees are exposed to a greater health hazard when machining thermally modified wood because a considerable amount of fine dust is produced under the same processing conditions than in the case of unmodified wood. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) states that wood dust causes cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and of the nasopharynx. Wood dust is also associated with toxic effects, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, dermatitis, and respiratory system effects which include decreased lung capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and allergic reactions. In our research, granular composition of particles resulting from the process of longitudinal milling of heat-treated oak and spruce wood under variable conditions (i.e., the temperature of modification of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C and feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min−1) are presented in the paper. Sieve analysis was used to determine the granular composition of particles. An increase in fine particle fraction when the temperature of modification rises was confirmed by the research. This can be due to the lower strength of thermally modified wood. Moreover, a different effect of the temperature modification on granularity due to the tree species was observed. In the case of oak wood, changes occurred at a temperature of 160 °C and in the case of spruce wood, changes occurred at the temperatures of 200 and 220 °C. At the temperatures of modification of 200 and 220 °C, the dust fraction (i.e., that occurred in the mesh sieves, particles with the size ≤ 0.08 mm) ranged from 2.99% (oak wood, feed rate of 10 m.min−1) to 8.07% (spruce wood, feed rate of 6 m.min−1). Such particles might have a harmful effect on employee health in wood-processing facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Očkajová

Kučerka

Kminiak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The common particleboard with phenolic and urea formaldehyde contains formaldehyde to some extent. As reports go, formaldehyde-based adhesives will be consumed at about 20 million tons around the globe in 2019, primarily in the wood-processing industry [1], but which are harmful to human health [2]. MCPB is an eco-friendly material without formaldehyde and with good performance of mechanical properties, water resistance, and fire resistance compared with the common poplar particleboard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Magnesium-Cemented Poplar Particleboard

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2019

Materials

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Magnesium-cemented poplar particleboard (MCPB) is a new environmental inorganic magnesium cementitious composite without formaldehyde release. In this study, soybean flour (SM), silane coupling agent (KH560), soybean protein isolate (SPI), polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), maleic anhydride (MAH), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were added to MCPB to improve the mechanical properties, waterproofing properties, and flame retardancy. The results show that the SPI group had the best mechanical performance; the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was up to 5192 MPa and exceeded the Chinese national standard GBT 4897-2015 (GBT) by 67.4%, the modulus of rupture (MOR) reached 17.72 MPa and exceeded GBT by 18%. Thickness swelling (TS) after 24-hour immersion was 0.29% and reached the standard of GBT (≤16%). The fire resistance test of MCPB indicated that the KH560 group improved the flame retardancy, the heat release rate (HRR) was 18kW/m2, the total smoke produced (TSP) was 0.192 m2, the total heat release (THR) was 29.71 MJ/kg, which reached the Chinese national standard GBT 8624-2012.

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“…The number of workers in the HTI in 2018 in the field or forest as many as 25,054 thousand employees. In the year 2018 the total number of use of the company's production of HTI is 40,628,77.71 m 3 (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commodity of timber and its values of Masi occupies the fourth position of Indonesian exports (6). Demand for wood as building materials even the furniture in the market is still a lot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review : Risk Factors Wood Dust Exposure on Workers Lung Status

Nikmah

2020

JKL

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Introduction: Health problems caused by environmental factors are still one of the main things to note. One of the dangers in the work environment is the presence of organic dust including wood dust. Organic dust flying in the air is able to interfere with the health of the workers through the respiratory tract. The resulting wood dust is at risk causing lung faal status disorders in workers. This article aims to explore risks factors for wood dust exposure to the status of lung faal in wood industry workers based on the previously performed research from published journals. Discussion: This research used a method of literature study with a comparative study approach. The selected research should be in appropriated with the topic and through the protocols that have been set to become secondary data. The results of data analysis indicated that almost all research use observational analytic types with cross sectional approaches. Wood dust that has entered through the respiratory tract worker is influenced by several variables. The most often used risk factors as a research variable are dust levels, age, use of PPE, and smoking habit. Conclusion: The research can be concluded that independent variables of selected research are less varied. The selected research variables already existed in previous research. Upcoming researchers are expected to be able display new variables that are suspected to affect the status of the lung Faal on wood industry workers.

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High Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among Particleboard Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Magnesium-Cemented Poplar Particleboard

Literature Review : Risk Factors Wood Dust Exposure on Workers Lung Status

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