High‐pressure enzymatic hydrolysis of oil

Abstract

The hydrolysis of sunflower and soybean oil, catalyzed by two enzymes, non-immobilized Candida rugosa and immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, was performed at atmospheric and high-pressure. The results showed that at atmospheric pressure between 40°C and 60°C initial reaction rates were influenced by the temperature variation, as expected. Due to favorable physico-chemical properties of dense gases as reaction media, hydrolysis of soybean oil was performed in non-conventional solvents: in supercritical (SC) CO 2 and near-critical propane. In SC CO 2 the activity of non-immobilized Candida rugosa lipase decreased while the reaction rates of hydrolysis catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase were 1.5-fold higher than at atmospheric pressure. However, the reaction rates for the hydrolyses catalyzed by both lipases, were much higher in propane than at atmospheric pressure.

Optimization of the Preparation of Fish Protein Anti-Obesity Hydrolysates Using Response Surface Methodology

“…At lower temperatures, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At higher temperatures, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [37]. In addition, high temperature also increased the cost of the hydrolysis process.…”

Optimization of the Preparation of Fish Protein Anti-Obesity Hydrolysates Using Response Surface Methodology

“…At lower temperatures, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At higher temperatures, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [37]. In addition, high temperature also increased the cost of the hydrolysis process.…”

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Fat in Emulsion by Response Surface Methodology

“…At low temperature, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At high temperature, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [18]. Reaction time had a positive linear effect (P \ 0.05) on the degree of hydrolysis for the designed temperature range.…”

A Review on the Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Enzyme Activity

“…Unlike the behavior of gases and liquids, the physical properties of supercritical fluids can be adjusted over a wide range by a relatively small change in pressure or in temperature [ 106 ]. Moreover, it might be relevant to stress much lower expenses of solvent in the supercritical medium compared with those of conventional solvents [ 107 ]. Another advantage of the use of supercritical fluids (gases) as reaction media is the simple separation of products of the reactions and water in a continuously operated reactor on an industrial scale, due to their different solubility in these media.…”

“…Since the solvent strength of a supercritical fluid can be varied by changing pressure and temperature, the solubility of substances can easily be regulated. It can be done continuously at the outlet of the reactor, allowing an integrated reaction and separation step, and thus simplifying the downstream processing and recycling of the solvent [ 107 ]. Examples of industrially important hydrolytic processes catalyzed by lipases are productions of soaps [ 108 ], fatty alcohols [ 108 ] and monoacylglycerols [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Optimization of the Preparation of Fish Protein Anti-Obesity Hydrolysates Using Response Surface Methodology

“…At lower temperatures, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At higher temperatures, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [37]. In addition, high temperature also increased the cost of the hydrolysis process.…”

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Fat in Emulsion by Response Surface Methodology

“…At low temperature, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At high temperature, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [18]. Reaction time had a positive linear effect (P \ 0.05) on the degree of hydrolysis for the designed temperature range.…”

A Review on the Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Enzyme Activity

“…Unlike the behavior of gases and liquids, the physical properties of supercritical fluids can be adjusted over a wide range by a relatively small change in pressure or in temperature [ 106 ]. Moreover, it might be relevant to stress much lower expenses of solvent in the supercritical medium compared with those of conventional solvents [ 107 ]. Another advantage of the use of supercritical fluids (gases) as reaction media is the simple separation of products of the reactions and water in a continuously operated reactor on an industrial scale, due to their different solubility in these media.…”

“…Since the solvent strength of a supercritical fluid can be varied by changing pressure and temperature, the solubility of substances can easily be regulated. It can be done continuously at the outlet of the reactor, allowing an integrated reaction and separation step, and thus simplifying the downstream processing and recycling of the solvent [ 107 ]. Examples of industrially important hydrolytic processes catalyzed by lipases are productions of soaps [ 108 ], fatty alcohols [ 108 ] and monoacylglycerols [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Optimization of the Preparation of Fish Protein Anti-Obesity Hydrolysates Using Response Surface Methodology

“…At lower temperatures, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At higher temperatures, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [37]. In addition, high temperature also increased the cost of the hydrolysis process.…”

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Fat in Emulsion by Response Surface Methodology

“…At low temperature, the rate of enzyme heat-inactivation was slower in comparison with the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At high temperature, the increased heat-inactivation rate led to a faster decrease in the number of active catalyst molecules [18]. Reaction time had a positive linear effect (P \ 0.05) on the degree of hydrolysis for the designed temperature range.…”

A Review on the Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Enzyme Activity

“…Unlike the behavior of gases and liquids, the physical properties of supercritical fluids can be adjusted over a wide range by a relatively small change in pressure or in temperature [ 106 ]. Moreover, it might be relevant to stress much lower expenses of solvent in the supercritical medium compared with those of conventional solvents [ 107 ]. Another advantage of the use of supercritical fluids (gases) as reaction media is the simple separation of products of the reactions and water in a continuously operated reactor on an industrial scale, due to their different solubility in these media.…”

“…Since the solvent strength of a supercritical fluid can be varied by changing pressure and temperature, the solubility of substances can easily be regulated. It can be done continuously at the outlet of the reactor, allowing an integrated reaction and separation step, and thus simplifying the downstream processing and recycling of the solvent [ 107 ]. Examples of industrially important hydrolytic processes catalyzed by lipases are productions of soaps [ 108 ], fatty alcohols [ 108 ] and monoacylglycerols [ 109 , 110 ].…”