High precision comparison between a programmable and a pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard

Abstract

Over the last 15 years, research in ac Josephson voltage metrology has focused on two fundamentally different systems: the programmable and the pulse-driven Josephson voltage standards (JVSs). This paper reports the first high precision comparison between the two types of JVS. The METAS programmable voltage standard was moved from Switzerland to the Netherlands to be compared with the Dutch pulse-driven system during four days in November 2010. After a careful investigation of the systematic sources of errors, the comparison was made at a frequency of 500 Hz and an rms amplitude of 104 mV. At that level, the voltage difference measured between the fundamental frequency components of the two standards was −0.18 ± 0.26 µV V−1 (k = 2), showing an excellent agreement between the two systems.

International comparison of quantum AC voltage standards for frequencies up to 100kHz

“…The first of those was a direct comparison between the AC voltage generated by the pulse-driven system of VSL and the programmable system of METAS at 100 mV and 500 Hz, a frequency close to the maximum operating frequency of the programmable system and the minimum operating frequency of the pulse-driven system. The results showed an excellent equivalence and relative uncertainty on the 10 À7 level [5].…”

Two-Volt Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer Using Wilkinson Dividers

“…If such an error occurs, then the waveform is no longer quantum-accurate. Detailed comparisons between different Josephson voltage standard circuits and systems typically examine in more detail the effect of changing other system parameters [29]–[32]. …”

Combining Josephson Systems for Spectrally Pure AC Waveforms With Large Amplitudes

“…We investigated the accuracy of the signal by switching the output between a sine wave and a stepwiseapproximated sine wave. The ΣΔ ADC (PXI 5922) is calibrated with the stepwise-approximated waveforms every 2 min by simply removing the pulse-driven signal, very similar as described in [19] and [20]. The result is shown in Fig.…”