High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for melanotan-1 ([Nle4-DPhe7]α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in biological matrices

Surendran, Narayanan; Ugwu, Sydney O.; Sterling, Eric; Blanchard, James

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00177-8

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It should be noted that NO generated by iNOS is a potent modulator of inflammatory reactions 33–35 . The present work also demonstrates that UV‐A irradiation of the eye, but not of the ear, failed to downregulate epidermal LC in iNOS −/– mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Hazardous stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, upregulate the expression of iNOS, and NO produced by the enzyme modulates inflammatory reactions 33–35 . To investigate whether NO contributes to the signaling responsible for the under‐regulation of LC by UV‐A irradiation of the eye, the effect of such treatment was examined in iNOS −/– mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultraviolet A irradiation of the eye activates a nitric oxide‐dependent hypothalamo–pituitary pro‐opiomelanocortin pathway and modulates the functions of Langerhans cells

Hiramoto

2009

The Journal of Dermatology

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Ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation decreases Langerhans cells (LC) in the skin specifically at the site of exposure. Unexpectedly, UV-A irradiation of the eye has been found systemically downregulating epidermal LC in mice. Male C57BL/6j mice and an inducible type of nitric oxide synthase knockout mice (iNOS(-/-)) were used in this study. The eye or ear was locally exposed to UV-A after covering the remaining body surface with aluminum foil at a dose of 110 kJ/m(2) using a sunlamp. Localized UV-A irradiation of the eye downregulated epidermal LC. The hypophysectomy strongly inhibited the UV-A-induced downregulation of LC. To elucidate the pathway by UV-A irradiation of the eye, the effect of a bilateral ciliary ganglionectomy and denervation of the optic nerves was examined. Optic nerve denervation strongly inhibited LC downregulation in response to localized irradiation of the eye. Furthermore, no LC downregulation in response to localized UV-A irradiation of the eye was observed in iNOS(-/-) mice. These results clearly indicate that a signal evoked by UV-A irradiation of the eye is transmitted in a nitric oxide-dependent manner through the optic nerves to the hypothalamo-pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet A irradiation of the eye activates a nitric oxide‐dependent hypothalamo–pituitary pro‐opiomelanocortin pathway and modulates the functions of Langerhans cells

Hiramoto

2009

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…One study used liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (LC-UV) to quantify melanotan II in rat plasma. [33] These methods are not directly applicable for analysing lyophilized solids in drug vials. [32] Another study used LC-UV to quantify melanotan I in human plasma, although the recovery and sensitivity was low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization by LC‐UV‐MS/MS of melanotan II skin‐tanning products sold illegally on the Internet

Breindahl

Evans-Brown

Hindersson

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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New methods were developed and validated to determine the identity, contents, and purity of samples of melanotan II, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist, sold in vials as injectable skin-tanning products that were purchased from three online shops. Methods were based on liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (LC-UV) at wavelength 218 nm, and tandem mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) after collision-induced fragmentation of the double charged [M+2H](2+) precursor ion (m/z 513). Identification of melanotan II was verified by correct chromatographic retention time, and relative abundance ratios of five qualifying fragment ions. LC-UV was used to quantify melanotan II as well as impurities. Method validation was performed with reference to guidelines for assessing active substances in authorized medicinal products to reach acceptable accuracy and precision. Vials from two shops contained unknown impurities ranging from 4.1 to 5.9%; impurities from one shop were below the quantification limit. The total amount of melanotan II in vials ranged between 4.32 and 8.84 mg, although each shop claimed that vials contained 10 mg melanotan II. A broad range of drugs used for enhancement purposes can be obtained from the illicit market. However, users of these drugs may be exposed to a range of potential harms, as shown in this study, given that these products are manufactured, distributed and supplied from an illicit market.

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“…Other bioanalytical procedures, specifically used in the bioanalysis of peptide therapeutics are liquid chromatography (LC) combined with ultraviolet (UV) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], fluorescence [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] or electrochemical [40][41][42] detection. However, these detection methods have limited sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative bioanalysis of peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry

Broek

Sparidans

Schellens

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography B

160

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High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for melanotan-1 ([Nle4-DPhe7]α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in biological matrices

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Ultraviolet A irradiation of the eye activates a nitric oxide‐dependent hypothalamo–pituitary pro‐opiomelanocortin pathway and modulates the functions of Langerhans cells

Ultraviolet A irradiation of the eye activates a nitric oxide‐dependent hypothalamo–pituitary pro‐opiomelanocortin pathway and modulates the functions of Langerhans cells

Identification and characterization by LC‐UV‐MS/MS of melanotan II skin‐tanning products sold illegally on the Internet

Quantitative bioanalysis of peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry

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