High-performance bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator made with fish scale

Abstract

Energy harvesting performance of an efficient flexible bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator (BPNG) is demonstrated, where “bio-waste” transparent fish scale (FSC), composed of self-assembled and ordered collagen nano-fibrils, serves as a self-poled piezoelectric active component, exhibiting intrinsic piezoelectric strength of −5.0 pC/N. The dipolar orientation (∼19%) of the self-polarized FSC collagen is confirmed by the angular dependent near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The BPNG is able to scavenge several types of ambient mechanical energies such as body movements, machine and sound vibrations, and wind flow which are abundant in living environment. Furthermore, as a power source, it generates the output voltage of 4 V, the short circuit current of 1.5 μA, and the maximum output power density of 1.14 μW/cm2 under repeated compressive normal stress of 0.17 MPa. In addition, serially integrated four BPNGs are able to produce enhanced output voltage of 14 V that turn on more than 50 blue light emitting diodes instantly, proving its essentiality as a sustainable green power source for next generation self-powered implantable medical devices as well as for personal portable electronics with reduced e-waste elements.

Nature Driven Bio‐Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Next‐Generation Green Energy Harvester for Smart and Pollution Free Society

“…This result strongly suggests self-polarization behavior of as received nature driven SS fibers. In addition, ESM possess high piezoelectric coefficient value of ≈18 pC N −1 , measured by d 33 meter (PM-300), which is greater value than that of earlier reported many bio-piezoelectric materials, [81,[122][123][124] polymer composite/perovskite materials. SS fiber has remarkable dielectric property which decreased with increasing frequency (Figure 5a), supported its piezoresponse behavior.…”

“…Ghosh et al [81] also achieved output voltage (≈14 V) by assembling of 4 devices in series connection for fish scale based piezoelectric device (Figure 14a). Ghosh et al [81] also achieved output voltage (≈14 V) by assembling of 4 devices in series connection for fish scale based piezoelectric device (Figure 14a).…”

“…[81] Ferroelectric behavior of FSC was evaluated from plot of polarization (P) versus electric field (E) curve (Figure 4a). The ferroelectric and dielectric behavior of the nature driven biowaste piezoelectric materials were well described in various research work.…”

“…FSM shows high piezoelectric coefficient of d 33 ≈ 22 pC N −1 , measured by piezoelectric d 33 meter (PM-300) and a converse piezoelectric coefficient of g 33 = d 33 /ε r ε 0 = 0.028 V m N −1 . [86] The obtained P r value (≈0.45 µC cm −2 ) from the [81] Copyright 2017, AIP Publishing. [121] Recently, spider silk fiber was first time proved as a piezoelectric/ferroelectric material with vertical piezoelectric coefficient.…”

“…Already discussed in earlier, SS fibers consists of amino proteins enriched elastic α-helical and aligned β-sheets structures, tightly associated by intra-/ intermolecular H-bonding inside the fibers crystal and develops spontaneous electrical dipoles. [81] Copyright 2016, AIP publishing. The appearance of several adsorption peaks in the regions of ≈1700-1620, ≈1580-1500, and ≈1350-1200 cm −1 supported the existence of amide I (CO stretching vibration), amide II (NHbending (δ(NH)) coupled with CN stretching (ν(CN)) and amide III (N-H-bending (δ(NH) vibration), respectively.…”