High-Mass Loading Hierarchically Porous Activated Carbon Electrode for Pouch-Type Supercapacitors with Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte

Abstract

Rational design and development of the electrodes with high-mass loading yet maintaining the excellent electrochemical properties are significant for a variety of electrochemical energy storage applications. In comparison with the slurry-casted electrode, herein, a hierarchically porous activated carbon (HPAC) electrode with higher mass loading (8.3 ± 0.2 mg/cm2) is successfully prepared. The pouch-type symmetric device (1 cell) with the propylene carbonate-based electrolyte shows the rate capability (7.1 F at 1 mA/cm2 and 4.8 F at 10 mA/cm2) and the cycling stability (83% at 12,000 cycles). On the other hand, an initial discharge capacitance of 32.4 F and the capacitance retention of 96% after 30,000 cycles are delivered from a pouch-type symmetric supercapacitor (five cells). The corresponding electrochemical performances are attributed to the fascinating properties of the HPAC and the synergistic features of the resulting electrode.

A Comparative Study of the Influence of Nitrogen Content and Structural Characteristics of NiS/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocomposites on Capacitive Performances in Alkaline Medium

“…However, more peak intensity and area (around 167.8 eV, peak 4) generated from the NiS/A-PVP-NC were noticed, which is likely due to more sulfate ions resulting from surface oxidation [46]. For the O 1s spectrum (Figure 3c), the peaks at the binding energies of 530.7 eV (1) and 532.2 eV (3) are associated with the Ni 3+ OOH and Ni 2+ SO4 [48], whereas the As discussed earlier, the hierarchically porous architectures could provide a variety of properties, enlarging the electrochemical performances of the EES devices [52]. Hence, the compatibility between the NiS/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomposites and alkaline electrolytes is worth confirming.…”

“…This can also be supported by elemental analysis, since the NiS/A-PVP-NC possessed a much higher oxygen content than the NiS/PI-NC, that is, 7.5% vs. 5.1%. As discussed earlier, the hierarchically porous architectures could provide a variety of properties, enlarging the electrochemical performances of the EES devices [52]. Hence, the compatibility between the NiS/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomposites and alkaline electrolytes is worth confirming.…”

“…As discussed earlier, the hierarchically porous architectures could provide a variety of properties, enlarging the electrochemical performances of the EES devices [ 52 ]. Hence, the compatibility between the NiS/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomposites and alkaline electrolytes is worth confirming.…”

Wearable Supercapacitors, Performance, and Future Trends

“…The most commonly used energy storages for portable devices like smartwatches are the coin and pouch cells. Due to the well-developed production line for the longused methodology, there is high interest in the adaptability of the technique with the extension towards the supercapacitors for the emerging wearable technologies [53][54][55]. Pooachi et al recently developed prototypes of coin cells and pouch cells from nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide electrodes with phenylenediaminemediated organic electrolyte with a high specific capacitance of 563 and 340 F g −1 with high energy density 149.4 and 77.2 Wh•kg −1 at 1 A g −1 [56].…”

Nelumbo nucifera Seed–Derived Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbons as Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Supercapacitors, or electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), store charges in the form of electrical double-layers at the electrode surface by the diffusion of electrolyte ions from the electrolyte solution, are the current state-of-the-art energy-storage systems for the storage of electrochemical energy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, supercapacitors have attracted significant attention because of their enormous high power density (>400 kW kg −1 ), extremely rapid charging or rapid reversible adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions at the electrode surface, extraordinary long cycling stability without any capacitance loss (>10,000), high rate performance, low-cost and easy operation, as well as environmentally friendliness [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”