High genetic relatedness among Mycobacterium avium strains isolated from pigs and humans revealed by comparative IS1245 RFLP analysis

Tirkkonen, Taneli; Pakarinen, Jaakko; Moisander, A.-M.; Mäkinen, Johanna; Soini, Hanna; Ali-Vehmas, Terhi

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.005

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the confirmed relative prevalence of mycobacterial infection in pigs in this study is 3.21% in Mubende district (Table 2). In comparison to the findings in Netherlands and Finland where the prevalence was 0.34% and 0.5%, respectively (Komijn et al 1999;Tirkkonen et al 2007), the prevalence is considerably higher in Mubende. It was, however, lower than the 10% in Egypt and 15% in Germany (Tirkkonen et al 2007 Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression model identifying factors associated with occurrence of mycobacteria in tissues of TB-exposed pigs in Mubende district, Uganda Mohamed et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…In comparison to the findings in Netherlands and Finland where the prevalence was 0.34% and 0.5%, respectively (Komijn et al 1999;Tirkkonen et al 2007), the prevalence is considerably higher in Mubende. It was, however, lower than the 10% in Egypt and 15% in Germany (Tirkkonen et al 2007 Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression model identifying factors associated with occurrence of mycobacteria in tissues of TB-exposed pigs in Mubende district, Uganda Mohamed et al 2009). Our finding showed a remarkable difference with results obtained in South Africa's 5-year study on porcine lymph nodes which showed that 75% of the lesions positive were due to Mycobacterium species (Coetzer and Tustin 2004).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs from Mubende district in Uganda

Muwonge

Kankya

Godfroid

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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To date, the public health relevance of mycobacterial infections in pigs is not well investigated despite high risk of infection. Recently, there has been a documented increase in opportunistic infections and risk of acquiring opportunistic mycobacterial infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Mubende district; unfortunately, there has been no published information on the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections in this area. This study was carried out between September 2008 and February 2009. Investigations were done to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughtered pigs in Mubende district of Uganda. A total of 997 pigs (53.7% male and 46.3% female) from 31 different slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of lesions compatible with TB and mycobacterial infections. Pathologic tissue specimens were collected for culturing and isolation of mycobacteria. A cross-sectional technique was used based on convenient visits to slaughterhouses but random selection of individual slaughtered pigs for a detailed post-mortem inspection on a daily basis. The results reflected a 9.3% and 3.1% (95% CI) prevalence of Mycobacterium species based on necropsy examinations and culture isolation, respectively. The highest prevalence of mycobacterial infection was recorded in Buwekula County (the mixed agro-zone) whilst the lowest was in Kassanda County (pastoral zone). A multivariable logistical regression analysis identified age (P < or = 0.001) and sex (P < or = 0.05) as risk factors for mycobacterial infections in pigs. Post-estimation statistics of the regression model evaluation and validation fit it well into the data (HL, chi (2) = 5.9; P = 0.69 for necropsy, HL chi (2) = 2.9; P = 0.94 for culturing). This study documented a high prevalence of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district. The fact that pigs and human often share common housing and environment poses a high risk of zoonotic transmission. This then warrants further molecular investigation to identify the specific Mycobacterium species and their public health importance in this area.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs from Mubende district in Uganda

Muwonge

Kankya

Godfroid

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Finally, some NTM species have multiple copies of sequences that are homologous to IS6110 and may thus hybridize with the IS6110 probe (301). As for difficulties in performing RFLP analysis on NTM, IS1245-RFLP hybridization patterns for the MAC are difficult to interpret due to large numbers of bands with various intensities (262,302,303). For all of these reasons, from 2006 on, RFLP typing was abandoned as the gold standard for typing and was replaced by MIRU-VNTR typing.…”

Section: Methods Based On Repetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYMolecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods forMycobacterium tuberculosisand nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

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“…Whereas IS1311 RFLP usually generates clear hybridization patterns, IS1245 RFLP yields complex multiband patterns which are difficult to compare among different experiments and laboratories, mainly because of the heterogeneity in the intensities of the hybridization bands (19,20,42). Recently, an even simpler PCRbased molecular typing method, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), which is based on mycobacterial repetitive elements called mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) (14,34,36,37), has been described for M. avium subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Genotypic Diversity ofMycobacterium aviumSubspecies from Human and Animal Origins by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and IS1311Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing Methods

et al. 2010

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Members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are ubiquitous bacteria that can be found in water, food, and other environmental samples and are considered opportunistic pathogens for numerous animal species, mainly birds and pigs, as well as for humans. We have recently demonstrated the usefulness of a PCR-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing for the molecular characterization of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium strains exclusively isolated from AIDS patients. In the present study we extended our analysis, based on eight MIRU-VNTR markers, to a strain collection comprehensively comprising the other M. avium subspecies, including M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, and M. avium subsp. silvaticum, isolated from numerous animal species, HIV-positive and HIV-negative humans, and environmental sources. All strains were fully typeable, with the discriminatory index being 0.885, which is almost equal to that obtained by IS1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing as a reference. In contrast to IS1311 RFLP typing, MIRU-VNTR typing was able to further discriminate M. avium subsp. avium strains. MIRU-VNTR alleles strongly associated with or specific for M. avium subspecies were detected in several markers. Moreover, the MIRU-VNTR typing-based results were consistent with a scenario of the independent evolution of M. avium subsp. avium/M. avium subsp. silvaticum and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from M. avium subsp. hominissuis, previously proposed on the basis of multilocus sequence analysis. MIRU-VNTR typing therefore appears to be a convenient typing method capable of distinguishing the three main subspecies and strains of the complex and providing new epidemiological knowledge on MAC.The most frequent agents of nontuberculous mycobacterioses belong to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); in particular, M. avium subsp. hominissuis is a frequent agent of human mycobacterioses (12, 25). Members of this subspecies are also frequent infectious agents for pigs, leading to significant economic losses in pig farming, albeit that subspecies produces very low rates of morbidity in this animal species (23,24). Two other MAC members, M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, are the causative agents of two other important, often fatal (2) animal pathologies, avian tuberculosis (40) and ruminant paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) (6), respectively. Like other opportunistic agents, M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis are also capable of infecting a wide range of animal species, including cattle, deer, wild boars, goats, and horses (40). In contrast, M. avium subsp. silvaticum is taxonomically very close to M. avium subsp. avium but almost exclusively infects wood pigeons (41).In the particular case of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, strains with similar or identical genotypes are usually found in common between pigs and human patients (26), which does not permit the potential zoonotic r...

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High genetic relatedness among Mycobacterium avium strains isolated from pigs and humans revealed by comparative IS1245 RFLP analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs from Mubende district in Uganda

Prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs from Mubende district in Uganda

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Determination of Genotypic Diversity ofMycobacterium aviumSubspecies from Human and Animal Origins by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and IS1311Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing Methods

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