High genetic diversity of Spanish common wheats as judged from gliadin alleles

Abstract

Gliadin alleles were identified in 100 common wheat cultivars registered and/or grown in Spain during the last 40 years. A very high level of genetic polymorphism was found: in total, 103 allelic variants including one null‐allele were found at the six major Gli loci in the Spanish wheats studied. An average genetic diversity for these six loci was found to be higher (H=0.844) than in any group of wheat cultivars studied previously. Spanish wheats bred in Spain demonstrated even higher genetic diversity (H=0.868), probably because of the occurrence in this group of some landraces (local varieties) assumed to be strongly differentiated to fit local environments. The high level of genetic diversity of wheats grown in Spain was maintained by the introduction of distantly related wheat germplasm from different sources, especially from Italy and CIMMYT. A slight decrease of genetic diversity in recently registered cultivars might be caused by the excessive introduction of French wheats. Thirteen new alleles found in Spanish wheats were catalogued, including Gli‐D2w which encodes the first Gli‐D2‐controlledγ‐gliadin to be found.

Antibody reactivity in patients with IgE-mediated wheat allergy to various subunits and fractions of gluten and non-gluten proteins from ω-gliadin-free wheat genotypes

“…More than 80% of these proteins belong to gliadins and glutenins, defined as gluten proteins (GP) [3,4]. Gliadins and glutenins of individual wheat genotypes may be separated into dozens of protein bands using onedimensional electrophoretic techniques (A-PAGE or SDS-PAGE), whereas hundreds of spots may be developed using 2D electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) [5,6]. Traditionally, gliadins are divided into α, β, γ, ω-5 and ω-1.2 subclasses based on decreased electrophoretic mobility in A-PAGE conditions.…”

Variation at storage protein loci in winter common wheat cultivars of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine

“…Electrophoresis of HMW GS was car ried out by the procedure of Laemmli [18] in 10 % resolving gel. Gliadin alleles were identified using the catalogue of Metakovsky [3] supplemented by alleles presented in further studies [12,14,19]. The Gli B5b allele was identified from the charac teristic pattern (two ω components), as presented in [14].…”

“…Gliadin alleles were identified using the catalogue of Metakovsky [3] supplemented by alleles presented in further studies [12,14,19]. The Gli B5b allele was identified from the charac teristic pattern (two ω components), as presented in [14]. Cultivars lacking these components carry the Gli B5a allele (null allele) [12].…”

“…Four gliadin alleles identified in the Ukrainian Forest Steppe cultivars (Gli A1w, Gli A1x, Gli A1y and Gli B1x) are absent in the basic catalogue of Metakovsky [3] and among alleles presented in further studies [12,14,19], as well as in the last version of the Catalogue of Gene Symbols [4]. Electrophoretic patterns of these alleles are given in Figure. The allele Gli A1w (a specific secalin block) is a marker of the wheat rye 1AL/1RS translocation that first appeared in the cultivar Amigo.…”

Short communication: Development of a new polymorphic genetic marker in Araucaria araucana (Mol) K. Koch

“…These proteins have been widely studied in cereals due to its relations to bread-making quality (Payne et al, 1982). These studies have shown high levels of genetic variability, highlighting their possibility in the study of genetic resources (Metakovsky et al, 2000) and varietal identification (Zillman & Bushuk, 1979).…”