High field-effect mobility from poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin-film transistors by solvent–vapor-induced reflow

Fu, Yu; Lin, Ching Yao; Tsai, Fujung

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2009.04.015

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One of reasons for the formation of P3HT nanofibers is thought to be that the normal and shear stresses that accompany roller painting induce and accelerate the crystallization of P3HT. [25,[28][29][30] Another reason is slow drying of the film during the process, which may accelerate the crystallization of P3HT chains. [9] It has been reported that the control of drying rate after spin coating is very important in achieving high crystallinity of P3HT and PCBM and, thereby, a high PCE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that crystalline polymers, such as P3HT, can be effectively crystallized when shear or normal stresses are applied, for example by nanorubbing, molecular reflow or nano-imprinting. [28][29][30] Kim et al [25,26] reported the fabrication of high efficiency PSCs using brush painting, because the shear stress during the brush painting Polymer solar cells are fabricated by a novel solution coating process, roller painting. The roller-painted film -composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) -has a smoother surface than a spin-coated film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annealing‐Free High Efficiency and Large Area Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by a Roller Painting Process

Jung

2010

Adv Funct Materials

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Polymer solar cells are fabricated by a novel solution coating process, roller painting. The roller‐painted film – composed of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) – has a smoother surface than a spin‐coated film. Since the roller painting is accompanied by shear and normal stresses and is also a slow drying process, the process effectively induces crystallization of P3HT and PCBM. Both crystalline P3HT and PCBM in the roller‐painted active layer contribute to enhanced and balanced charge‐carrier mobility. Consequently, the roller‐painting process results in a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.6%, as compared to that for spin coating (3.9%). Furthermore, annealing‐free polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high PCE are fabricated by the roller painting process with the addition of a small amount of octanedi‐1,8‐thiol. Since the addition of octanedi‐1,8‐thiol induces phase separation between P3HT and PCBM and the roller‐painting process induces crystallization of P3HT and PCBM, a PCE of roller‐painted PSCs of up to 3.8% is achieved without post‐annealing. A PCE of over 2.7% can also be achieved with 5 cm2 of active area without post‐annealing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing‐Free High Efficiency and Large Area Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by a Roller Painting Process

Jung

2010

Adv Funct Materials

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“…11,13,17 Polymer crystallization improves the molecular stacking order and planarization of the backbone in the solid state, hence there have been a number of reports linking crystalline order to carrier transport. 7,18,19 Along this line, several strategies have been pursued to control molecular self-assembly and thin film microstructure, including by decreasing chain entanglements in the solution state, 12,13,17 tuning solution-processing conditions, [20][21][22][23][24] surface functionalization with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) [25][26][27] and applying post-deposition thermal/solvent vapour annealing. [28][29][30] 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier Transport Enhancement in Conjugated Polymers through Interfacial Self-Assembly of Solution-State Aggregates

Khan

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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ABSTRACT:We demonstrate that local and long range orders of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) semicrystalline films can be synergistically improved by combining chemical functionalization of the substrate with solution-state disentanglement and pre-aggregation of P3HT in a theta solvent, leading to a very significant enhancement of the field effect carrier mobility. The pre-aggregation and surface functionalization effects combine to enhance the carrier mobility nearly 100-fold as compared with standard film preparation by spin-coating, and nearly 10-fold increase over the benefits of pre-aggregation alone. In situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) experiments reveal enhanced deposition of pre-aggregates on surfaces modified with an alkyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) in comparison to un-aggregated polymer chains.Additional investigations reveal the combined pre-aggregation and surface functionalization significantly enhances local order of the conjugated polymer through planarization and extension of the conjugated backbone of the polymer which clearly translate to significant improvements of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 carrier transport at the semiconductor-dielectric interface in organic thin film transistors. This study points to opportunities in combining complementary routes, such as well-known pre-aggregation with substrate chemical functionalization, to enhance the polymer self-assembly and improve its interfacial order with benefits for transport properties.

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“…Over the past decade, doctor blading, dip coating, 10 strain stretching, 11 poor solvent addition, 12 topographical patterning, 13 and thermal 14 or solvent vapor 15 annealing, among many others, have all been shown to cause significant enhancement of the charge carrier mobility in π-conjugated polymer-based OFET devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Crystal Engineering of π-Conjugated Polymers

Wang

Persson²,

Chu³

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

109

114

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Very few studies have reported oriented crystallization of conjugated polymers directly in solution. Here, solution crystallization of conjugated polymers in a microfluidic system is found to produce tightly π-stacked fibers with commensurate improved charge transport characteristics. For poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films, processing under flow caused exciton bandwidth to decrease from 140 to 25 meV, π-π stacking distance to decrease from 3.93 to 3.72 Å and hole mobility to increase from an average of 0.013 to 0.16 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), vs films spin-coated from pristine, untreated solutions. Variation of the flow rate affected thin-film structure and properties, with an intermediate flow rate of 0.25 m s(-1) yielding the optimal π-π stacking distance and mobility. The flow process included sequential cooling followed by low-dose ultraviolet irradiation that promoted growth of conjugated polymer fibers. Image analysis coupled with mechanistic interpretation supports the supposition that "tie chains" provide for charge transport pathways between nanoaggregated structures. The "microfluidic flow enhanced semiconducting polymer crystal engineering" was also successfully applied to a representative electron transport polymer and a nonhalogenated solvent. The process can be applied as a general strategy and is expected to facilitate the fabrication of high-performance electrically active polymer devices.

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High field-effect mobility from poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin-film transistors by solvent–vapor-induced reflow

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Annealing‐Free High Efficiency and Large Area Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by a Roller Painting Process

Annealing‐Free High Efficiency and Large Area Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by a Roller Painting Process

Carrier Transport Enhancement in Conjugated Polymers through Interfacial Self-Assembly of Solution-State Aggregates

Microfluidic Crystal Engineering of π-Conjugated Polymers

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