High-Energy Density Redox Flow Lithium Battery with Unprecedented Voltage Efficiency

Pan, Feng; Huang, Qizhao; Huang, Hui; Wang, Qing

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04558

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In contrast to previous flow battery architectures using soluble active species or semisolid suspensions, Wang and co-workers introduced organometallic materials for redoxmediated reactions [63,[99][100][101][102][103]. This concept was inspired by their earlier work of redox targeting in 2006 [104], in which the material was lithiated (reduced) by a molecule with a low redox potential and delithiated (oxidized) by another molecule with a high redox potential.…”

Section: Organometallic Mediators Used In Flow Battery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active materials of these systems are immobile and exposed to the electrolyte. This configuration could avoid the use of a solid suspension and a large mass of conductive carbon [63,[99][100][101][102][103]. Redox mediators such as metallocene and iodide were dissolved in the electrolytes, which were recirculated during the charge-discharge processes.…”

Section: Organometallic Mediators Used In Flow Battery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Leung

Shah

Sanz

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

438

318

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have emerged as prime candidates for energy storage on the medium and large scales, particularly at the grid scale. The demand for versatile energy storage continues to increase as more electrical energy is generated from intermittent renewable sources. A major barrier in the way of broad deployment and deep market penetration is the use of expensive metals as the active species in the electrolytes. The use of organic redox couples in aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes is a promising approach to reducing the overall cost in long-term, since these materials are low-cost and abundant. The performance of such redox couples can be tuned by modifying their chemical structure. In recent years, significant developments in organic redox flow batteries has taken place, with the introduction of new groups of highly soluble organic molecules, capable of providing a cell voltage and charge capacity comparable to conventional metal-based systems. This review summarises the fundamental developments and characterization of organic redox flow batteries from both the chemistry and materials perspectives. The latest advances, future challenges and opportunities for further development are discussed. Metal deposition or anode in one half-celli.e. Lithium/ organic hybrid FB Metal 'This review'

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Section: Organometallic Mediators Used In Flow Battery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organometallic Mediators Used In Flow Battery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Leung

Shah

Sanz

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

438

318

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13 With suitable pairs of redox mediators, LiFePO 4 and TiO 2 have been demonstrated as the cathodic and anodic active materials in RFLB, respectively, and delivered an energy density 10 times as high as VRB. [14][15][16] More recently, a Li-LiFePO 4 RFLB cell based on iodide, a single 2-electron redox mediator has been reported, greatly simplifying the catholyte composition. 17 Upon charging LiFePO 4 is delithiated with the oxidation of polyiodide, and upon discharging FePO 4 is lithiated with the reduction of iodide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO₄-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Zhu

Jia

et al. 2017

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Redox flow batteries, despite great operation flexibility and scalability for large-scale energy storage, suffer from low energy density and relatively high cost as compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Here we report a redox flow lithium battery, which operates via the redox targeting reactions of LiFePO with a bifunctional redox mediator, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and presents superb energy density as the Li-ion battery and system flexibility as the redox flow battery. The battery has achieved a tank energy density as high as 1023 Wh/L, power density of 61 mW/cm, and voltage efficiency of 91%. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements were conducted to monitor the evolution of LiFePO, which provides insightful information on the redox targeting process, critical to the device operation and optimization.

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“…[21] To take the advantage of high energy density of solid materials while without coating them on electrode sheets, redox targeting concept has been introduced and demonstrated in a variety of systems. [23][24][25] Despite the drastically enhanced energy density, the first-generation redox targeting-based RFBs which employed multiple redox species have relatively low voltage efficiency resulting from the potential difference of the redox molecules. Thus, by loading solid energy storage materials in the tanks, the energy density of RFBs can be boosted without sacrificing the merits of flow battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Zhou

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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like wind and solar for electricity generation. The growth will go on accelerating to replace the fossil fuels in the future. [1] At the same time, the intermittent nature of these power sources necessitates a durable and cost-effective energy storage system to meet the huge demands for peak shifting and power buffering for GWscale systems. Considering the scalability, operation safety, and flexibility, redox flow battery (RFB) is regarded as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies which have found their own niche for the large-scale energy storage applications. [2] Unlike other rivals such as lithium ion battery and leadacid battery, RFB stores energy in mobilized electrolyte solutions other than in solid active materials coated on electrode sheets. The design that the redox active compounds circulate between the storage reservoir and cell stack with the aid of pumps, enables decoupled energy storage and power generation.However, the conventional redox flow batteries severely suffer from low energy density (<40 Wh L −1 ) as a result of limited solubility of redox species and low cell voltage, which adds on the footprint and capital cost of the system, impeding its practical deployment. [3] To improve the energy density, various aprotic RFBs have been explored for enhanced cell voltage. [4,5] However, because of the low solubility of aprotic solvents to many redox active compounds, [6] the reported high energy aprotic RFBs are limited to a few systems such as polyiodide, [7] redox-active ionic liquids, [8,9] deep eutectics, [10] and hybrid electrolyte. [11,12] Through molecular engineering, metallocene such as ferrocene derivatives [13,14] and redox-active organic materials [15][16][17][18][19] such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl derivatives [17] and benzothiadiazole [16] have recently been reported to have good solubility and potentially high energy density. Although the solubility can reach up to 5 m in pure solvent, taking the supporting salts and electrolyte viscosity into consideration, the practical concentration of those molecules remains limited to <2 m.[2] By forming slurry of solid active materials with conducting carbon additives, semisolid flow cells that utilize solid suspensions represent an alternative way to increase the effective concentration. [20] Although the energy density can in theory be increased considerably, these cells may have critical issues on fluid conductivities and Redox flow batteries have considerable advantages of system scalability and operation flexibility over other battery technologies, which makes them promising for large-scale energy storage application. However, they suffer from low energy density and consequently relatively high cost for a nominal energy output. Redox targeting-based flow batteries are employed by incorporating solid energy storage materials in the tank and present energy density far beyond the solubility limit of the electrolytes. The success of this concept relies on paring suitable redox mediators with solid mate...

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High-Energy Density Redox Flow Lithium Battery with Unprecedented Voltage Efficiency

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO₄-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

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High-Energy Density Redox Flow Lithium Battery with Unprecedented Voltage Efficiency

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review

Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO4-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Na3V2(PO4)3 as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

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Unleashing the Power and Energy of LiFePO₄-Based Redox Flow Lithium Battery with a Bifunctional Redox Mediator

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery