High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO<sub>2</sub>as an electron transport layer

Zhang, Meiying; Wu, Fengmin; Chi, Dan; Shi, Kai; Huang, Shihua

doi:10.1039/d0ma00028k

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, the interfacial energy alignment also plays a key role in determining charge dynamics. [15,83] For efficient charge collection from perovskite to ETL, a low CB offset at the ETL/perovskite interface is often required. [84] A large valance band (VB) offset at the SnO 2 /perovskite interface, along with minimized midgap states in SnO 2 , are necessary for effectively blocking hole transport and reducing inter facial recombination.…”

Section: Interfacial Energeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

2022

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minimize interfacial charge accumulation and recombination. [9] In an n-i-p-structured PSC, the perovskite layer is coated on the n-type ETL, and the surface area and surface chemistry of the ETL directly affect the deposition and quality of the perovskite layer. Thus, ETL development has become one of the most important scientific subjects for developing highly efficient and stable n-i-p PSCs.To date, the commonly studied ETLs include n-type semiconducting oxides (e.g., TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Zn 2 SnO 4 , and BaSnO 3 ) and organics (e.g., phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester [PCBM] and C 60 ). [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Key properties of ETLs include the proper band energy alignment with perovskite layer, high transmittance with wide bandgap, and high conductivity. Traditionally, the compact TiO 2 / mesoporous TiO 2 stack was a key component in efficient n-i-p PSCs, owing to its well-established deposition methods and suitable optoelectronic properties. However, TiO 2 exhibits drawbackssuch as photo catalytic properties under illumination and hightemperature annealing required to achieve proper crystallinitywhich can limit PSCs for commercialization. [18] Many researchers have explored alternative candidates to replace TiO 2 , targeting simple and low-temperature fabrication processes with low cost, good reproducibility, and high chemical stability.Among various candidates, SnO 2 stands out as a promising ETL that has received significant attention in recent years, [19][20][21][22] with the best PCE of SnO 2 -based n-i-p PSCs exceeding 25%. [23] The SnO 2 ETL often exhibits several preferred features such as wide bandgap with high transmittance, good charge mobility, proper band offsets relative to common perovskites, low-temperature processable synthesis, and decent chemical stability, all of which make SnO 2 ETLs great candidates for highly efficient and stable PSCs. [24,25] In this review, we highlight the main advances in the develop ment of SnO 2 for highly efficient and stable PSCs, with a focus on the n-i-p device configuration. To help understand the research trend of SnO 2 -based PSCs, we first provide an overview of key approaches leading to record PCEs based on the development of SnO 2 deposition methods in recent years. Next, we focus on the materials chemistry associated with SnO 2 , including defects, intrinsic properties, and impact on device characteristics. We discuss the issues and challenges related to SnO 2 development and SnO 2 /perovskite interface optimization, as well as various strategies developed to address these issues in recent years. We also highlight some SnO 2 implementations related to scalable processes and flexible devices that are Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the regular n-i-p device architecture have reached above 25% certified efficiency with continuously reported improvements in recent years. A key common factor for these recent breakthroughs is the development of SnO 2 as an effective electron transport layer in these devices. In this article, the key ad...

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Section: Interfacial Energeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

2022

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“…The remarkable increase in JSC and VOC could be due to the significantly enhanced optical and morphological properties of the TiO2 hollow nanospheres. To investigate the applicability of the TiO 2 hollow nanospheres as an efficient ETL for PSC, the perovskite layer of (FAPbI 3 ) 0.97 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.03 was fabricated by a two-step deposition method [4,29,30]. Thirty-six independent PSCs fabricated using P25 and TiO 2 nanospheres as the ETLs were examined, the results are shown in Figure 7a-d; the corresponding champion and average values are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Spherical TiO2 Hollow Nanospheres with a Diameter of 150 nm for High-Performance Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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The electron transport layer (ETL) of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells plays an important role in their power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, TiO2 hollow nanospheres with a diameter of 150 nm were prepared by a facile synthesis method. The synthesized TiO2 hollow nanospheres had a highly porous structure with a surface area of 85.23 m2 g−1, which is significantly higher than commercial TiO2 (P25) (54.32 m2 g−1), indicating that they can form an ideal mesoporous layer for Formamidinium iodide-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In addition, the nanospheres achieved a remarkable perovskite performance, and the average PCE increased from 12.87% to 14.27% with a short circuit current density of 22.36 mAcm−2, an open voltage of 0.95 V, and a fill factor of 0.65. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the enhanced PCE could be due to the improved carrier collection and transport properties of the nanosphere, which enabled efficient filtration of perovskite into the TiO2 mesoporous ETL. The TiO2 hollow nanospheres fabricated in this study show high potential as a high-quality ETL material for efficient (FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03-based PSCs.

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“…The precursor mixture of the encapsulant was drop-casted onto the device in contact with both HTM and Au (see Figure S7) and let polymerize for one day. [58][59][60] The unencapsulated devices show a more pronounced decrement in photoconversion performances compared to encapsulated counterparts losing more than 10%, 20% and 30% of their initial value after 100, 700 (this is the T80 value of unencapsulated device) and 1150 hours, respectively. On the other hand, encapsulated devices do not reach T80 within the investigated timeframe.…”

Section: Performance Of Pu-encapsulated Devicesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as Low-Cost, Easily Scalable, and Effective Oxygen and Moisture Barriers for Perovskite Solar Cells

Bonomo

Taheri

Bonandini

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Long-term stability of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) is one of the main issues to be solved for a forthcoming commercialization of this technology. In this work, thermosetting polyurethane-based resins (PU) are proposed as effective encapsulants for Perovskite Solar Cells to prevent degradation caused by both moisture and oxygen. Application consists in a direct dropcast of precursor mixture onto the back of the device followed by in-situ polymerization, avoiding the use of other adhesives. PU are cost effective, lightweight, thermal and light-stable materials whose mechanical, chemical and physical properties can be easily tuned by thoughtful choice of their precursor. Encapsulated PSCs show extremely good stability when stored under ambient light (maximum 1000 lux) controlled humidity (28-65%) and temperature (18-30 °C) by retaining 94% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 2500 hours (4 months) whereas control devices lose 90% of their performance after 500 hours (T80 = 37 h); once stored according to ISOS-D-1 PU-protected devices showed T80 > 1200 h.. Encapsulated devices are stable even when immersed in pure water. Throughout this paper, it is demonstrated the use of PU as promising solution processed encapsulant materials for PSC, which can be a cost-effective route for future industrialization of this technology.

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO₂as an electron transport layer

Abstract: Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted intensive attention as the absorber layer in high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Facile Synthesis of Spherical TiO2 Hollow Nanospheres with a Diameter of 150 nm for High-Performance Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells

Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as Low-Cost, Easily Scalable, and Effective Oxygen and Moisture Barriers for Perovskite Solar Cells

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO2as an electron transport layer

Abstract: Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted intensive attention as the absorber layer in high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Advances in SnO2 for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO2 for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Facile Synthesis of Spherical TiO2 Hollow Nanospheres with a Diameter of 150 nm for High-Performance Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells

Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as Low-Cost, Easily Scalable, and Effective Oxygen and Moisture Barriers for Perovskite Solar Cells

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO₂as an electron transport layer

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells