High Azide Content Hyperbranched Star Copolymer as Energetic Materials

Zhang, Guangpu; Chen, Gangfeng; Li, Jinqing; Sun, Shixiong; Luo, Yunjun; Li, Xiaoyü

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03596

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Synthesis of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP, top) and structures of poly(3-azidomethyl-3methyloxetane) and poly(3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane), also known as poly-AMMO and and poly-BAMO (bottom), respectively. Star azide copolymers with hyperbranched polyether cores and short linear polymeric BAMO arms have been prepared by Zhang et al In contrast to BAMO homopolymer, these structures had significantly lower crystallinity and thus greatly improved processability and better safety properties, while maintaining a good energy level of up to 1.37 kJ g −1 [28]. To enhance the mechanical properties of the propellant after blending, binders are usually subjected to a process called curing, in which the polymer chains are crosslinked.…”

Section: Azido Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

Schock

Bräse

2020

Molecules

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The exceptional reactivity of the azide group makes organic azides a highly versatile family of compounds in chemistry and the material sciences. One of the most prominent reactions employing organic azides is the regioselective copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with alkynes yielding 1,2,3-triazoles. Other named reactions include the Staudinger reduction, the aza-Wittig reaction, and the Curtius rearrangement. The popularity of organic azides in material sciences is mostly based on their propensity to release nitrogen by thermal activation or photolysis. On the one hand, this scission reaction is accompanied with a considerable output of energy, making them interesting as highly energetic materials. On the other hand, it produces highly reactive nitrenes that show extraordinary efficiency in polymer crosslinking, a process used to alter the physical properties of polymers and to boost efficiencies of polymer-based devices such as membrane fuel cells, organic solar cells (OSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Thermosets are also suitable application areas. In most cases, organic azides with multiple azide functions are employed which can either be small molecules or oligo- and polymers. This review focuses on nitrene-based applications of multivalent organic azides in the material and life sciences.

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Section: Azido Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

Schock

Bräse

2020

Molecules

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“…A general rule of plasticizer behavior is that the migration rate of a plasticizer from matrix should follow an inverse correlation with molecular weight, however, that of linear plasticizers cannot be too high (< 1000 g mol À1) due to their high viscosity. Excitingly, POGA has both high molecular weight and low viscosity, which is attributed to its special hybrid structure of hyper- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 branched and linear polymers [22,49]. In polymeric matrix, loose void structure of hyperbranched polyether and its large free volume reduce interchain entanglement and provide movement space for polymer segments, which also mean that linear chains could inhibit the movement of hyperbranched core to some extent [50].…”

Section: Diffusion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azido‐terminated Hyperbranched Multi‐arm Copolymer as Energetic Macromolecular Plasticizer

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Azido‐terminated hyperbranched multi‐arm copolymer (POGA) with hyperbranched polyether core (PEHO‐c) and linear azido‐terminated glycidyl azide polymer arms (GAPA‐a) has been prepared. The structures of the polymers were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, GPC and elemental analysis. The molecular weight of POGA was up to ca 17000 g mol−1, far higher than that of common plasticizers (200∼1000 g mol−1). The enthalpy of formation and high nitrogen content of POGA demonstrated its remarkable energy level, and low impact and friction sensitivities indicated its good safety performance in mechanical stimuli. The results of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, calculated from non‐isothermal DSC, denoted a fine thermal stability of POGA. Furthermore, the plasticizing effect of POGA, evaluated by plasticizer efficiency and viscosity, was superior to A3 but inferior to Bu‐NENA, however, its exudation was much slower than that of small molecular plasticizers, especially Bu‐NENA. Moreover, the plasticizing mechanism of POGA as energetic macromolecular plasticizer was established by analyzing its structure and performance characteristics.

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“…1,2,3-triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound with three nitrogen atoms in the structure, which is chemically inert toward redox reactions and has strong dipole moment, hydrogen bond accepting capacity and aromatic character. [28,29] Thus, 1,2,3-triazoles are widely applied in biodegradable polymers, [30,31] energetic binders, [32] anti-microbial coatings, [33] biomedical applications [34] and so on. [35,36] 1,2,3-triazoles can be obtained by [3 + 2] Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition between azidoes and alkynes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, hydrogen bonding and properties of polyurethane elastomers with 1,2,3‐triazole units by click chemistry

Guo

Wang

2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Two kinds of diols containing 1,2,3‐triazole units were synthesized through the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction between propargyl alcohol and 1,4‐diazidobutane. One of the diols, (butane‐1,4/1,5‐diylbis[1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐1,4/1,5‐diyl])dimethanol (BDTDO‐1), containing 1,4/1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole regioisomers, was directly prepared under thermal condition without Cu(I) catalyst. The other diol, (butane‐1,4‐diylbis[1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐1,4‐diyl])dimethanol (BDTDO‐2), containing 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, was prepared by Cu(I) catalyzed click chemistry. Then, two kinds of 1,2,3‐triazole modified polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were prepared from the reaction of 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, with BDTDO‐1 or BDTDO‐2 as the chain extender (CE). It was found that the introduction of 1,2,3‐triazoles and their substitution positions had significant influences on the hydrogen bonding, thermal and mechanical properties of PUEs. Compared with the PUE prepared from 1,4‐butanediol as the CE, the PUE containing symmetric 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles units in the main chains shows higher values of hydrogen bonding, physical crosslinking density, Young's modulus, tensile strength and melting temperature, while lower glass transition temperature, resulting from the rigid structure and the ability to form more hydrogen bonds. However, the introduction of asymmetric 1,4/1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole moieties decreases the values of hydrogen bonding, thermal and mechanical properties of PUE appreciably due to the destruction of the ordered structure of the hard segments.

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High Azide Content Hyperbranched Star Copolymer as Energetic Materials

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

Azido‐terminated Hyperbranched Multi‐arm Copolymer as Energetic Macromolecular Plasticizer

Preparation, hydrogen bonding and properties of polyurethane elastomers with 1,2,3‐triazole units by click chemistry

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