High-altitude retinopathy and altitude illness

Wiedman, Michael; Tabin, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)90402-5

Cited by 78 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All of these factors have effects on the human body and the visual organ. 25 We believe that this environment plays an important role for pterygium. However, we found no statistical significance of the prevalence for participants with pterygium between the altitudes of 3350-3600 m above sea level and altitudes higher than 4100 m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pterygium in an aged Mongolian population: a population-based study in China

Lü

Wang

Lü

et al. 2007

Eye

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Aims To determine the prevalence and identify associated risk factors for pterygium in an elderly Mongolian population at high altitude in Henan County, China. Methods A population-based survey was conducted from June 2006 to September 2006. A stratified, clustered, random sampling procedure was used to select 2486 Mongolian people aged 40 years and older. Pterygium was diagnosed and graded clinically as grade 1 (transparent), 2 (intermediate), and 3 (opaque). Risk factors associated with pterygium were evaluated with logistic regression models. Results From 2486 eligible subjects, 2112 (84.9%) were examined. There were 378 people with either unilateral (n ¼ 228) or bilateral (n ¼ 150) pterygia, equivalent to an overall prevalence of 17.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.3, 19.5). The prevalence increased with older age (v 2 -test of trend Po0.001). Visual acuity decreased with higher group of pterygium (v 2 ¼ 97.759, Po0.0001). Pterygium was independently associated with Schirmer's test (p5 mm) (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9, 3.1), tear breakup time (p10 s) (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.8, 2.9), lower education level (o3 years) (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4, 3.2), increasing age (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4, 2.8) for persons 70-79, compared with 40-49, and other risk factors. Conclusions The prevalence of pterygium in an older Mongolian population at high altitude is high, primarily because of ocular sun exposure and the other effects of the unique plateau climate, and representing an important health problem. People should be strongly encouraged to wear a wide-brimmed hat and/or sunglasses whenever they are outside.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pterygium in an aged Mongolian population: a population-based study in China

Lü

Wang

Lü

et al. 2007

Eye

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“…Lack of oxygen has severe effects to the visual performance (28,29). The vertebrate retina is a highly specialized structure that is divided into morphologically and functionally distinct layers (Figs.…”

Section: Oxygen Consumption and Mitochondria In The Vertebratementioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent Distribution in Vascular and Avascular Mammalian Retinae Links Neuroglobin to Cellular Respiration

Bentmann¹,

Schmidt²,

Reuss³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

107

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The visual function of the vertebrate retina relies on sufficient supply with oxygen. Neuroglobin is a respiratory protein thought to play an essential role in oxygen homeostasis of neuronal cells. For further understanding of its function, we compared the distribution of neuroglobin and mitochondria in both vascular and avascular mammalian retinae. In the vascular retinae of mouse and rat, oxygen is supplied by the outer choroidal, deep retinal, and inner capillaries. We show that in this type of retina, mitochondria are concentrated in the inner segments of photoreceptor cells, the outer and the inner plexiform layers, and the ganglion cell layer. These are the same regions in which oxygen consumption takes place and in which neuroglobin is present at high levels. In the avascular retina of guinea pig the deep retinal and inner capillaries are absent. Therefore, only the inner segments of the photoreceptors adjacent to choroidal capillaries display an oxidative metabolism. We demonstrate that in the retina of guinea pigs both neuroglobin and mitochondria are restricted to this layer. Our results clearly demonstrate an association of neuroglobin and mitochondria, thus supporting the hypothesis that neuroglobin is a respiratory protein that supplies oxygen to the respiratory chain.

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“…34 The incidence rate of HAR varies between 3.8% and 90.5% with no preponderance in gender. 35,36 Optic disk swelling happens frequently in mountaineers at high altitudes. The incidence rate of this condition among climbers varies from 59% to 79% depending on the altitude above sea level and the speed of ascent.…”

Section: Management Strategy Of High-altitude Ocular Dysmotilitymentioning

confidence: 99%