Hierarchical Polyaniline‐MnO₂‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Ternary Nanostructures with Whiskers‐Like Polyaniline for Supercapacitor Application

Abstract

Here, we have demonstrated a straight forward and easy synthetic route for preparation of three dimensional hierarchical and porous polyaniline (PANI)/manganese dioxide (MnO2)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) ternary hybrid nanomaterials with surface decorated by ordered PANI whiskers. The nanostructured material shows different well defined morphology like tubular fiber, sphere which resembles natural tubular wiregrass sedge and spherical cactus. The simple removal of graphene surface modifier through selective dissolution from nanohybrids results further porous structure. The ternary hybrid materials show varying capacitance values depending on composition and nanostructured morphology with the best capacitance value of 762 F/g at current density 1.4 A/g with good electrochemical stability.

Review on Current Progress of MnO2‐Based Ternary Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications

“…For instance, incorporation of the third component, say, graphene or conducting polymer or CNTs component to MnO 2 (first component) and conducting polymer or graphene system or porous nanocarbons (second component) have markedly upgraded the overall capacitance and cyclic stability through modifications in the electrical conductivity, contact interactions, porosity, electrochemical surface activities besides improving the mechanical flexibility, etc. of the resultant ternary nanocomposite electrodes relative to the corresponding MnO 2 /conducting polymer or MnO 2 /graphene or MnO 2 /CNTs binary electrode systems respectively [161–212] …”

“…The ternary nanocomposite electrode showed higher rate capacity, larger electrochemical stability and superior capacitance due to symbiotic contribution of the three components compared to the pyrenebutyric acid modified rGO and rGO/ PANI binary electrodes. [209] Reduced graphene oxide/MnO 2 deposited on carbon nanofiber sewed on carbon sponge derived from melamine sponge (CS-CFs) interconnected morphology-based carbon fabric-aligned CNT/ MnO /PEDOT ternary nanocomposite electrodes were deliberately designed by sequential electrodeposition of MnO and PEDOT onto carbon fabric-aligned CNT arrays to introduce high degree of synergism among the components to experience maximum loading and exploitation of the electroactive MnO 2 component. The attributed superior behavior of the optimized ternary nanocomposite (CF-ACNT/MnO 2 /PEDOT) electrode relative to the carbon fabric-aligned CNT arrays electrode (CF-ACNT), electrodeposited PEDOT over carbon fabric-aligned CNT arrays (CF-ACNT/PEDOT) and electrodeposited MnO 2 onto carbon fabric-aligned CNT arrays (CF-ACNT/MnO 2 ) binary composites respectively has been depicted in the Figure 8(a).…”

One‐step Preparation of Conducting Polymer/Metal Oxide Doped RGO Trinary Composite for Supercapacitor Applications

“…The heteroatoms such as N-functionalized polar surface with conducting polymer and the metal oxide reflected to be substantial in charge-storing ability as well as permit easy access of the electrolyte ions, also provides pseudocapacitance to graphene materials. [11,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The electrochemical performances of our RPM material done by CV, GCD and EIS using threeelectrode set-up ( Figure 5). The prepared material showed a maximum specific capacitance of 507 F/g at 1 A/g, measured by using equation (1).…”

“…Khawas et al. showed PANI‐MnO 2 ‐RGO ternary nanostructures with whiskers‐like PANI, which revealed maximum specific capacitance 762 F/g at 1.4 A/g . Li.…”

“…[29] Khawas et al showed PANI-MnO 2 -RGO ternary nanostructures with whiskers-like PANI, which revealed maximum specific capacitance 762 F/g at 1.4 A/g. [30] Li. et al reported the synthesis of graphene/polyaniline/MnO 2 composite using binary oxidant, which exhibited of 800.1 F/g specific capacitance at 0.4 A/g with decent cyclic life.…”