Hierarchical environmental risk mapping of material degradation in historic masonry buildings: An integrated approach considering climate change and structural damage

Cavalagli, Nicola; Kita, Alban; Castaldo, Veronica Lucia; Pisello, Anna Laura; Ubertini, Filippo

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.204

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Currently, when addressing environmental exposure conditions of façades, the impact that climate change is expected to have on buildings should also be acknowledged, specifically on the durability of materials and components and on the extreme events-related damage of structures, namely in susceptible older constructions [28][29][30]. An increase in maintenance needs and costs is expected, for instance in Norway [31], where climate change-induced increase in annual maintenance needs is estimated to cost more than 400 million euros, for the period 2070-2100 [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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Façades, as the most external building envelope component, are subject to different ex-ternal environmental loads, such as: Temperature, precipitation, damp, and wind. Therefore, the contribution of environmental actions to the occurrence of defects in façades claddings is an important subject of study since these actions strongly affect the degradation process and natural ageing of these components during their service life. In this study, a methodology to support decision-makers in the process of selecting a façade cladding system and the maintenance strategy to implement is presented and discussed. This methodology covers the performance of four façade claddings (ceramic tiling systems (CTS), natural stone claddings (NSC), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) over time, according to three environmental exposure variables (exposure to damp, distance from the sea, and orientation). The databases were established based on the diagnosis of the degradation condition of these claddings in-service conditions, in Portugal. The results reveal that the environmental exposure variables have a significant impact on maintenance requirements and costs. For all the categories of the environmental exposure condition variables, under all scenarios, ETICS is the least favorable constructive solution while CTS is the most advantageous solution. Furthermore, the results show that properly implemented maintenance activities enhance the performance level of building components, which positively affects their degradation behavior over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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“…Changes in climate factors could accelerate the erosion of detailing and construction or undermine binder and coating [4,102]. Among all climate factors, wind-driven rain (WDR) is particularly important.…”

Section: The Implications Of Changing Precipitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Implications of Climate Change for Retrofitted Historic Buildings? A Literature Review

et al. 2020

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Historic buildings account for more than one-quarter of Europe’s existing building stock and are going to be crucial in the achievement of future energy targets. Although a drastic reduction in carbon emissions would slow climate change, an alteration in the climate is already certain. Therefore, the impact of climate change on retrofitted historic buildings should be considered in terms of occupants’ comfort, heritage conservation, and energy performance. Inappropriate interventions might weaken the potential of traditional climate adaptive solutions, such as thermal mass and night cooling, leading to higher risks of overheating in a warming climate. Similarly, retrofit solutions will change the moisture dynamics of historic envelopes, which might lead to moisture damages when combined with more extreme precipitation events. This paper reviews recent literature that provides evidence of climate change’s impact on retrofitted buildings, reveals potential future risks, and thereby sheds light on new factors influencing the decision-making process in the retrofit of historic buildings.

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“…Pandiella et al determined an automated method to recognize the scaling effect on stone surfaces, using photogrammetry for 3D modeling (Muñoz-Pandiella et al, 2017). Other approaches purposed a semi-automated system for the detection and classification of materials and their pathologies by means of photogrammetry and near-infrared images (Sánchez and Quirós, 2017), or an integrated methodology for the diagnosis of the degradations due to the futures climate changes, combining numerical methods with thermal and structural analysis (Cavalagli et al, 2019). Through the Finite Element (FE) model and the mapping of the current damage, it's possible to study the evolution over time of the degradations already present or that may occur in the future.…”

Section: Literary Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition Assessment of Rc Bridges. Integrating Machine Learning, Photogrammetry and Bim

Borin

Cavazzini

2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The survey of building pathologies is focused on reading the state of conservation of the building, composed by the survey of constructive and decorative details, the masonry layering, the crack pattern, the degradation and the color recognition. The drawing of these representations is a time-consuming task, accomplished by manual work by skilled operators who often rely on in-situ analysis and on pictures. In this project three-dimensional an automated method for the condition survey of reinforced concrete spalling has been developed. To realize the automated image-based survey it has been exploited the Mask R-CNN neural network. The training phase has been executed over the original model, providing new examples of images with concrete cover detachments. At the same time, a photogrammetry process involved the images, in order to obtain a point cloud which acts as a reference to a Scan to BIM process. The BIM environment serves as a collector of information, as it owns the ontology to recreate entities and relationships. The information as extracted by neural network and photogrammetry serve to create the pictures which depict the concrete spalling in the BIM environment. A process of projecting information from the images to the BIM recreates the shapes of the pathology on the objects of the model, which becomes a decision support system for the built environment. A case study of a concrete beam bridge in northern Italy demonstrates the validity of the process.</p>

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Hierarchical environmental risk mapping of material degradation in historic masonry buildings: An integrated approach considering climate change and structural damage

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

What Are the Implications of Climate Change for Retrofitted Historic Buildings? A Literature Review

Condition Assessment of Rc Bridges. Integrating Machine Learning, Photogrammetry and Bim

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