Hierarchical architecture of PANI@TiO2/Ti3C2Tx ternary composite electrode for enhanced electrochemical performance

Recent Advances in Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…Owing to the increased electrolyte accessible surface area and the additional contribution of pseudocapacitance caused by the MnO 2 , the obtained MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composite achieved a specific capacitance of 212 F g −1 , nearly three times higher than that of pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x . Afterward, various transition metal oxides, such as TiO 2 , ZnO, MoO 3 , NiO, and MnO x , were used to form composites with Ti 3 C 2 T x to enhance the electrochemical performance . For example, a ε‐MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composite possesses a larger surface area and exhibits a specific capacitance three times greater than that of pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x .…”

MXene‐Based Composites: Synthesis and Applications in Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors

“…[64] Moreover, Tian et al attached Mn 2+ ions on the surface of MXene, and converted Mn 2+ ions into MnO x . Thus far, many metal oxides have been successfully deposited on the surface of MXene by in situ liquid phase oxidation growth, including Cu 2 O, [167] Co 3 O 4 T x , [169] MoO 3 , [166] TiO 2 , [186] etc. [165] Moreover, Dai et al manipulated the reduction reactions to generate small flaky MnO x areas on the surface of MXene.…”

“…[285] Therefore, not Ti 3 C 2 T x /LDH Hydrolysis 6 m KOH 1061 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 70% (4 A g −1 , 4000 cycles) [187] PANI/TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x Hydrothermal and solution mixing 1 m KOH 108.9 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 90% (1 A g −1 , 8000 cycles) [186] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PFDs Agitation-assisted polymerization 1 m H 2 SO 4 340 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 100% (20 mV s −1 , 10 000 cycles) [212] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PPy Agitation-assisted polymerization 1 m H 2 SO 4 416 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 92% (100 mV s −1 , 25 000 cycles) [73] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PPy Electrochemical polymerization 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 406 F g −1 at 1 mA cm −2 100% (1 mA cm −2 , 20 000 cycles) [202] www.advmatinterfaces.de surprisingly, MXene/metal oxides composites [64,165,166,171,176,184] and MXene/conductive polymers composites have been used as the electrode materials of supercapacitors. [285] Therefore, not Ti 3 C 2 T x /LDH Hydrolysis 6 m KOH 1061 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 70% (4 A g −1 , 4000 cycles) [187] PANI/TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x Hydrothermal and solution mixing 1 m KOH 108.9 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 90% (1 A g −1 , 8000 cycles) [186] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PFDs Agitation-assisted polymerization 1 m H 2 SO 4 340 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 100% (20 mV s −1 , 10 000 cycles) [212] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PPy Agitation-assisted polymerization 1 m H 2 SO 4 416 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 92% (100 mV s −1 , 25 000 cycles) [73] Ti 3 C 2 T x /PPy Electrochemical polymerization 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 406 F g −1 at 1 mA cm −2 100% (1 mA cm −2 , 20 000 cycles) [202] www.advmatinterfaces.de surprisingly, MXene/metal oxides composites [64,165,166,171,176,184] and MXene/conductive polymers composites have been used as the electrode materials of supercapacitors.…”

“…[73] Therefore, the two materials can preserve their structures by the fact that they bond integrally to each other, which result in the supercapacitor having a good stable cycle performance. [186] The PANI@TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composite has high specific capacitance, and PANI can further boost composite surface areas. Furthermore, the polymer can link with far Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes to decrease electrical resistance.…”

“…Moreover, the composite has a special structure that is an alternating arrangement of the Ti 3 C 2 T x film and the PPy film, which is very advantageous for charge transport. [186] Besides the above mentioned composites, metal hydroxides and even layered double hydroxide have been composited with MXenes to be used as electrode materials of supercapacitors, achieving prominent electrochemical performance (556 F g −1 at 10 A g −1 ). Therefore, the composite can have good electrochemical performance, and a stable volume capacity of 920 F cm −3 over 25 000 cycles at a current density of 100 mV s −1 has been reported.…”