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Sushma, R B; Manjula, G. R.

doi:10.46338/ijetae0820_06

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…The Reliable Power Aware Routing (RPAR) Protocol has been suggested by researchers [12]. The most reliable route from source to destination was discovered by means of on-demand routing.…”

Section: Modified Work On Aodvmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Various Versions of AODV Protocol for Discovering Routing Path and Eliminating Packet Loss

Trivedi¹,

Nayak²

2022

ECS Trans.

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A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network made up of mobile nodes that communicate through radio. It is a self-contained computer that can be individually programmed, ordered, and controlled. The nodes of an ad hoc network move at their own pace. Ad hoc network nodes are unable to communicate directly with one another due to their short propagation ranges. The topology of the network moves as nodes in a network switch, resulting in frequent route failures. The nodes of the ad hoc network are powered by a battery with a limited energy supply. When a node's battery dies, the network lifespan is shortened, resulting in network loss. Routing is a critical component of MANETs. As a result, Energy Efficient Routing Protocol is chosen to boost network efficiency. There are many routing protocols used to transfer data packets in wireless Ad hoc networks, the most important of which is the Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol. The key issue with using AODV is that connection errors occur as a result of node movement that is unpredictable. As either the source node or an intermediate node shifts during data packet transfer, the energy in the nodes is lost again due to the additional path exploration process, which occurs several times. This paper provides a literature review of various implementations of the AODV protocol in the form of routing route exploration and packet loss reduction.

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“…The Reliable Power Aware Routing (RPAR) Protocol has been suggested by researchers [12]. The most reliable route from source to destination was discovered by means of on-demand routing.…”

Section: Modified Work On Aodvmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Various Versions of AODV Protocol for Discovering Routing Path and Eliminating Packet Loss

Trivedi¹,

Nayak²

2022

ECS Trans.

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“…Generally, plastic is made of polyethylene and polypropylene which are difficult to decompose by microorganisms in the environment [2]. Environmental, economic and safety challenges have provoked many scientists to replace some petrochemical-based polymers with biodegradable polymers, namely bioplastics [3]. Bioplastics are plastics that can be used like conventional plastics but will be degraded by microorganisms into water and carbon dioxide gas after used and disposed into the environment without leaving toxic substances behind [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a bioplastic spoon based on kepok banana (Musa acuminata balbisiana C.) starch with the addition of areca nut shells (Areca catechu L.) and glycerol

Dalimunthe,

Ambarita,

Barus

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Bioplastic spoon is one of the complementary packaging for food products, especially instant food, its massive use makes plastic spoon waste contribute to reduce the plastic waste that is dumped into the environment. This study aims to produce and characterize bioplastic spoons made from kepok banana peel starch with areca nut shells as fillers and glycerol as plasticizer which is environmentally friendly. This study consisted of four stages, such as the stage of making Kepok Banana Peel starch, the stage of extracting cellulose rind of Areca Nut, the stage of making bioplastic spoons and the stage of testing parameters. Various concentration of the cellulose (0%; 5%; 15%; and 20% w/w) and glycerol (0 mL; 2 mL; 3 mL and 5 mL) was added to the mixture that contain 8 g of kepok banana peel starch and 150 mL of aquadest. Then, the mixture was moulded to spoon mold that made from flexi glass material and dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 0C for 5 hours and stored in the desiccator. The results showed that the properties of the bioplastic spoon such as tensile strength were decreased while more concentration of the areca nut shells and Glycerol was added. For the elongation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the elongation of bioplastic spoon. The SEM results show that the bioplastic spoon have a rough or unsmooth surface due to undissolved starch and cellulose fibers. Meanwhile for the biodegradation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the biodegradation of bioplastic spoon. In conclusion, these results indicate that the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol affects the properties of bioplastic spoon.

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Hiding of Text Tunes in Video

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

An Investigation of Various Versions of AODV Protocol for Discovering Routing Path and Eliminating Packet Loss

An Investigation of Various Versions of AODV Protocol for Discovering Routing Path and Eliminating Packet Loss

Characterization of a bioplastic spoon based on kepok banana (Musa acuminata balbisiana C.) starch with the addition of areca nut shells (Areca catechu L.) and glycerol

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